Slide 1: How to Test and Characterize Conventional and Specialty Optical Fibers
How to Test and Characterize Conventional and Specialty Optical Fibers Wajih Daab Product Line Manager October 14, 2020
Slide 2: Agenda
▪ Introduction ▪ Key Optical Performance Parameters ▪ Testing Solutions ▪ Show Cases ▪ Summary
Slide 3: Optical Fiber Basics
Optical Fiber Basics A cylindrical waveguide of silica glass Used as a means to transmit light Uses the principle of total internal reflection to propagate COATING Refracted ray CORE θc θc θc 𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑑 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 2 2 CLADDING 𝑁𝐴 = sin 𝜃𝑐 = 𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 −…
Slide 4: Development Of Fiber Optic Technology
Development Of Fiber Optic Technology 1 The most commonly used model for the spectral loss, α, in dB/km is*: 𝛼 = 𝐴 4 + 𝐵 + 𝐶(𝜆) 𝜆 Intrinsic Scattering 2020s The first optical cable made for communications in the 1970s [Corning Inc., courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Attenuation Constant in Single…
Slide 5: Single Mode Fiber vs. Multi Mode Fiber
Single Mode Fiber vs. Multi Mode Fiber SMF: only one mode propagates through the fiber MMF: is designed to carry multiple modes 125 um 6 - 12 um SM Step Index 𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑑 𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 50 – 62.5 um MM Step Index 𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑑 𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 50 – 62.5 um MM Graded Index 𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑑 𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 5
Slide 6: Evolution of Specialty Optical Fibers
Evolution of Specialty Optical Fibers New requirements imposed by the broad variety of new applications have resulted in the evolution of a new subset of custom-tailored optical fibers Single Mode Multimode Photosensitive (FBG) Multicore PM Panda PM Tiger PM Bowtie PM Spun Harsh Environment Polarizi
Slide 7: New, More Specialized Single Mode (SM) Fibers
New, More Specialized Single Mode (SM) Fibers Zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) Dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF) Non-zero dispersion-shifted fibers (NZDFs) Dispersion Flattened Fibers (DFF) Bend insensitive Fiber Thin fiber (reduced cladding diameter) Large Mode Area Fibers Hollow Core Photonic Crystal
Slide 8: Polarization Maintaining (PM) Fiber
Polarization Maintaining (PM) Fiber PM fibers are more difficult to fabricate than fibers that are circularly symmetric. The highest degree of optical anisotropy is obtained through the insertion of stress rods (PANDA) and anisotropic doping (Bowtie) 𝐸𝑦 𝐸𝑦 𝐸𝑦 𝐸𝑦 𝐸𝑥 𝐸𝑥 𝐸𝑥 𝐸𝑥 SM PM…
Slide 9: Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Fiber
Fiber Brag Grating (FBG) Fiber FBG fiber has a periodic variation (photo-induced modulation) of the refractive index of the fiber core along the length of the fiber ➢It operate as wavelength selective mirrors ➢It reflects a single specific wavelength and transmit all others ➢Bragg wavelength increas
Slide 10: Uniform FBG vs. Chirped FBG Fibers
Uniform FBG vs. Chirped FBG Fibers Δ𝜆𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝 = 2𝑛𝑒𝑓𝑓 (Λ𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 − Λ𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 ) 𝜆𝐵 = 2𝑛𝑒𝑓𝑓 Λ Δ𝜆𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝 = 2𝑛𝑒𝑓𝑓 Λ𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝 𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑑 𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑑 𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 Refractive index Λ Λ𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 Λ𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 Refractive index Position Position Reflectivity (%) Reflectivity (%) λc λc…
Slide 11: Specialty Optical Fiber is An Enabling Technology
Specialty Optical Fiber is An Enabling Technology As the need for optical fiber sensors and specialized components increases, so too will the demand for specialty fibers. Telecommunication Industrial (Automotive) Aerospace and Aviation Energy and Infrastructure Defense Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers Bi
Slide 12: Some Fiber Parameters of Interest .I
Some Fiber Parameters of Interest .I d ( ) Group Delay (GD) is the derivative of the phase with respect to frequency GD( ) = d Chromatic Dispersion (CD) is the derivative of group delay with respect to wavelength 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑑𝐺𝐷 𝑑𝜆 Material dispersion* 1 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 ∝…
Slide 13: Some Fiber Parameters of Interest .II
Some Fiber Parameters of Interest .II Insertion Loss (IL) is the ratio of optical power output by the fiber to the optical power input to the fiber, and is expressed in dB. IL is wavelength dependent. Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) is the difference in maximum and minimum IL due to polarization e
Slide 14: Total vs. Distributed Optical Measurement
Total vs. Distributed Optical Measurement Attenuation vs Insertion loss Power (dB) Insertion Loss 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝐼𝐿 = 10 × log10 Length (m) 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛 Reflectivity/Reflectance vs. Optical Return loss (ORL) Reflectance Events Power (dB) 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑓 Optical Return Loss 𝑅𝐿 = 10 × log10…
Slide 15: Key Optical Performance Parameters
Key Optical Performance Parameters Each fiber has specific key performance parameters which are also application dependent SM/MM PM FBG ▪ Attenuation ▪ Attenuation ▪ Attenuation ▪ Insertion Loss (IL) ▪ Insertion Loss ▪ Insertion Loss ▪ Bending loss ▪ Bending loss ▪ Bending loss ▪ Phase response ▪ Ph
Slide 16: New Fibers Bring New Challenging Testing Requirements
New Fibers Bring New Challenging Testing Requirements Spectral Analysis Time Domain/Distributed Analysis Polarization Analysis LCA 500 OVA 5000 PXA-1000 Luna 6415 POD-201 PDL-201 OBR 6225 OBR 4600 PSGA-101 PER-202 Transmission Transmission Transmission Reflection/ 𝜆1 𝜆2 𝜆𝑛 0 𝐿 𝜆𝑐 Wavelength…
Slide 17: Different Solutions for Different Needs and Applications
Different Solutions for Different Needs and Applications Field Applications Manufacturing Environment R&D and Labs Field Applications Manufacturing Environment R&D and Labs 17
Slide 18: OFDR Vs. OTDR Technology
OFDR Vs. OTDR Technology OFDR OTDRs Light Source Type Swept Laser Laser Wavelength Range C, C/L, O bands 1310 and 1550 nm, others Measurement Range Up to 2 km 100s of km Sampling Resolution μm cm to m Dead Zone No Yes: meters Measurement speed Up to 12 Hz (raw data acquisition) sec to min Sensitivit
Slide 19: Agenda
▪ Introduction ▪ Key Optical Performance Parameters ▪ Testing Solutions ▪ Show Cases ▪ Summary
Slide 20: Demo Summary
Demo Summary DEMO #1 DEMO #2 DEMO #3 DEMO #4 OBR 6225 Luna 6415 PXA 1000 OVA 5000 OBR 4600 Single Mode Single Mode Multimode Multimode Photosensitive (FBG) PM Panda Photosensitive (FBG) SMF MMF Uniform FBG Panda PM Chirped FBG
Slide 21: OBR 6225 for Field Test and Maintenance
OBR 6225 for Field Test and Maintenance Distributed RL and IL measurement High-resolution reflectometer Sampling resolution down to 80 μm for 20m range No ‘dead zones’ Backscatter-level sensitivity (-130 dB) Portable and rugged (IP65 and MIL-STD certifications available) Measure latency/length with
Slide 22: Demonstration of Portable OBR
Demonstration of Portable OBR MMF CABLE 1 MMF CABLE 2 Multi-mode conditioner Adapter cable OBR 6225
Slide 23: Luna 6225-2 software screen
= Luna 6225-2 on Measure F Group Ind: Status R
Slide 24: Luna 6415 for Production Environment
Luna 6415 for Production Environment Analyze optical loss in reflection and transmission High-resolution reflectometer Sampling resolution down to 20 μm No ‘dead zones’ Backscatter-level sensitivity (-130 dB) Time-domain and spectral analysis IL and RL (distributed) measurements at 12 Hz Measure lat
Slide 25: Demonstration of Luna 6415
Demonstration of Luna 6415 Uniform Bragg Grating String 1557 nm SMF FC/APC 2x2 Connector Coupler Luna 6415
Slide 26: Luna 6415 software screen
= Luna 6415 % Stop v Reflection fos Measurement Type Reflection Group Index 1.4808 Filter 10.24mm Timestamp 2020-10-09 17:19:55.440 Status Adjusting gains Ampituce (28) Return Loss (dB) Cursor Type None S Everts Location Type RL (dB) IL (dB) 1 1.069620 RL -80.66 7.59 at _ anya tantinihAnn AMAA We Le
Slide 27: PXA 1000 for Polarization Maintaining Fiber Characterization
PXA 1000 for Polarization Maintaining Fiber Characterization Distributed Polarization Cross-Talk, Birefringence, Beat Length and PER measurements High crosstalk sensitivity: -80 dB (typical) High spatial resolution: 6 cm (in PM fiber) Large fiber measurement range: 3.1 km
Slide 28: Demonstration of PXA 1000
Demonstration of PXA 1000 DUT#1 PM Fiber Jumper + two splices ~3m DUT#2 PM Fiber Coil ~ 1028 m PXA 1000 Output Connector Input Connector PM CABLE
Slide 29: Polarization Maintaining Fiber Jumper Testing
Polarization Marinating Fiber PM Fiber Jumper Testing with Two Splices ~3 mM UNA
Slide 30: Temperature Dependence of Polarization X-Talk in PM Fiber
Temperature Dependence of Polarization X-Talk in PM Fiber PM fiber#1 @ 1550 nm PM fiber#1 @ 1550 nm PM fiber#2 @ 1550 nm Length ~ 35 m Length ~ 30 m Length ~ 25 m Average Pol X-talk = -73.54 dB @ 25C Average Pol X-talk = -73.54 dB @ 25C Average Pol X-talk = -71 dB @ 25C -10 -10 -10 Crosstalk at -40℃
Slide 31: OVA 5000/OBR 4600 for Fiber Bragg Grating Characterization
OVA 5000/OBR 4600 for Fiber Bragg Grating Characterization OVA 5000 OBR 4600 Characterizes All linear parameter of fiber Ultra-high resolution reflectometer components Works in Reflection only Works in Reflection and Transmission Sensitivity: - 130 dB High Speed: < 3 sec High spatial resolution: 10
Slide 32: Demonstration of OBR 4600 and OVA 5000
Demonstration of OBR 4600 and OVA 5000 OVA 5000 OBR 4600 Chirped FBG D = 2016 ps/nm S = 6.96 ps/nm^2 𝜆0 = 1550 𝑛𝑚 1528 nm – 1565 nm Grating chirp compensates for dispersion in 112k km SMF
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Slide 34: Optical Vector Analyzer
Optical Vector Analyzer Type of Measurement Center Wavelenath nm) Wavelength Range (ar) ‘Scan Rango (nm) DUT Lengtn Fina netnod HERG Longe our my Wi continuous oce Bi Enable Averaging Syne eAxes Active Matrices Operations 0.0000 sono 10.0000 450000 20.0000 -750000- -20.0000- 5.0000-, 40.9000, -45.00
Slide 35: Summary
Summary Specialty and custom fibers enables a new applications Different Fibers require unique testing capabilities The increasing demand for optical fibers pushes for a high speed measurement solutions Spectral Analysis Time Domain/Distributed Analysis Polarization Analysis LCA 500 OVA 5000 PXA-100
Slide 36: Enabling the Future with Fiber
Enabling the Future with Fiber www.lunainc.com