Slide 1: Emerging Sustainable Technologies
Research Emerging Sustainable Technologies 2019 version of ENGIE’s technology watch © Gettyimages / Freepik
Slide 2: Emerging Sustainable Technologies
Emerging Sustainable Technologies Join us in our journey to a zero-carbon energy transition. The transition remains challenging, but we are convinced, as ENGIE Research, that technological advances will be part of the solution. It is extremely hard to predict next technology breakthroughs but, in th
Slide 3: Objective of this document
Emerging Sustainable Technologies Objective of this document Present emerging technologies that: Energy today Impact Energy today Very likely will impact Energy in future May impact Energy directly or indirectly even though today they seem far away from current and future energy activities… Energy i
Slide 4: Renewable, environment, sustainable
Emerging Sustainable Technologies © AdobeStock © FOTOLIA © ENGIE / MIRO / MEYSSONNIER ANTOINE Renewable Environment Sustainable is not always is not CO2 includes social sustainable aspects
Slide 5: Introduction
Introduction Emerging Sustainable Technologies Renewable energy Sustainable energy Sources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale Environmental Sustainability © ENGIE / MIRO / MEYSSONNIER ANTOINE Social Economical 5
Slide 6: Planetary boundaries
Introduction Emerging Sustainable Technologies Environmental Current status of the control variables for seven of the planetary boundaries Sustainability Social Economical Source [1] 6
Slide 7: Materials widely used in energy technologies
Introduction Emerging Sustainable Technologies Environmental Sustainability Social Economical Materials widely used in energy technologies Scarcity as such may not be the largest challenge; however possible issue of new mines not opening fast enough… Recycling and search for earth abundant alternati
Slide 8: Introduction: social sustainability
Introduction Emerging Sustainable Technologies Environmental Sustainability Negative effects on Social Economical physical, cognitive, emotional, and social well-being Pattie Maes Fluid Interfaces Group 8
Slide 9: Even more great challenges
Introduction Emerging Sustainable Technologies Environmental © Freepik Sustainability Even Safety Social Economical more great Security challenges: Privacy Ethics « A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey the orders given it b
Slide 10: Emerging Sustainable Technologies
Emerging Sustainable Technologies Emerging Sustainable Technologies Electrochemical © Adobe Stock storage Radiative cooling Artificial Intelligence Quantum computing CO2 cycle Biotech 3D metal printing Green mobility Self-healing materials 10
Slide 11: Electrochemical storage: what is new in batteries?
Emerging Sustainable Technologies Electrochemical storage: what is new in batteries?
Slide 12: Drive towards cheaper, more sustainable and safer battery chemistries
Electrochemical storage: what is new in batteries? Emerging Sustainable Technologies Drive not only towards cheaper but more sustainable and safer battery chemistries Lead acid: mature technology 2019 Conventional Lithium ion: performances Main Advantages Main Advantages • Cost (150-300 €/kWh) • Ene
Slide 13: Redox Flow Batteries (RFB)
Electrochemical storage: what is new in batteries? Emerging Sustainable Technologies Redox Flow Batteries (RFB): Environmental Sustainability Social Economical technology description Redox Flow Battery System Two electrolytes (external tanks), acting as liquid energy carriers, are pumped simultaneou
Slide 14: Solid State Batteries
Electrochemical storage: what is new in batteries? Emerging Sustainable Technologies Solid State Batteries: Environmental Sustainability Social Economical technology description Description of Solid State Batteries Similar to a Li-ion battery but with a polymer or ceramic (solid state) electrolyte i
Slide 15: Radiative cooling
Emerging Sustainable Technologies Radiative cooling
Slide 16: What is Skycooling?
Radiative cooling Emerging Sustainable Technologies What is Skycooling? Trade our heat with the infinite cold space Skycooling is based on radiative emission of heat energy, leading to a spontaneous cooling of any body. Reject heat from earth systems into space, using it as an infinite cold radiator
Slide 17: How does it work?
Radiative cooling Emerging Sustainable Technologies How does it work? Selectively emits energy through atmosphere Thermal balance of cooling Principle: nanocoatings can limit incoming heat and enhance outgoing radiation Nanocoating principle Advanced nanocoatings can now effectively reflect solar ra
Slide 18: Radiative cooling: large market close to maturity
Radiative cooling Emerging Sustainable Technologies Radiative cooling: Environmental Sustainability Social Economical large market closed to maturity ! ADVANTAGES: New nano-structured materials offers affordable World energy demand (exajoules) and flexible solutions (coatings, films) Products alread
Slide 19: Artificial Intelligence: duelling neural networks
Emerging Sustainable Technologies Artificial Intelligence: the concept of duelling neural networks
Slide 20: Duelling neural networks or GANs
Artificial Intelligence Emerging Sustainable Technologies Duelling neural networks or Generative adversarial networks (GANs) ‘Normal’ Neural network: Duelling neural networks or Generative adversarial input data → predicts the output networks (GANs): The generator takes simple random variables as in
Slide 21: Applications of GANs vary widely
Artificial Intelligence Emerging Sustainable Technologies Applications of GANs vary widely: Environmental Sustainability Social Economical from medicine to graphical and text applications Creating Molecules from scratch: Example in medicine Drug Discovery with Generative An original application of G
Slide 22: Quantum computing
Emerging Sustainable Technologies Quantum computing
Slide 23: Differences between classical & quantum computing
Quantum computing Emerging Sustainable Technologies Differences between classical & quantum computing Classical computing is using bits (binary digits) Bits have well-defined values: either 0 or 1 Taking N times more bits allows to handle N times more information Calculations are done in essentially
Slide 24: Advantages & challenges of quantum computing
Quantum computing Emerging Sustainable Technologies Advantages & challenges of quantum computing ADVANTAGES: Possibility to compute on the 2N information set simultaneously ≈ computing 2N faster Open the door to actually intractable problems • Solving complex minimization problems: that could be app
Slide 25: Quantum Computing applications
Quantum computing Emerging Sustainable Technologies Quantum Computing applications: Environmental Sustainability Social Economical not suited for word and mail… QC will make it possible to simulate the behavior of “Nature is quantum, matter down to the atomic level → discovery of new goddam it! So i
Slide 26: CO2 cycle
Emerging Sustainable Technologies CO2 cycle
Slide 27: CO2 cycle replaces the classical water-steam cycle
CO2 cycle Emerging Sustainable Technologies CO2 cycle replaces the classical water-steam cycle Normal Gas fired Combined Cycle Gas Turbine CO2 cycle with natural gas CH4 + AIR (80 % N2 and 20 % O2) → CO2 + 2 H2O + N2 CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O O2 CO2 * N2 H2O CH4 CO2 Turbine O2 ASU N2 CO2 +H2O CO2 Wate
Slide 28: Main advantage: 'Free' CO2 capture
CO2 cycle Emerging Sustainable Technologies Main advantage ‘Free’ CO2 capture: ready for use as resource rather than a waste! ADVANTAGES: Lower CAPEX; less material Much faster ramping up and down ‘Free’ CO2 capture → ready for use CHALLENGES: Competitivenes New industrial systems to implement TRL:
Slide 29: NET Power 50 MW demonstration in Houston
CO2 cycle Emerging Sustainable Technologies NETPOWER 50 MW demonstration on-going Environmental in Houston: full scale 300 MW planned as early as Sustainability Social Economical 2021 • Net Power 50 MWth demonstration plant commissioned in May 2018 • Full Scale 300 MW planned as early as 2021 29
Slide 30: Biotechnology and Energy
Emerging Sustainable Technologies Biotechnology and Energy
Slide 31: Biotechnology is not Bio-energy
Biotechnology and Energy Emerging Sustainable Technologies Biotechnology is not Bio-energy DEFINITIONS: Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to m
Slide 32: Biotechnology for fuel production in absence of light and oxygen
Biotechnology and Energy Emerging Sustainable Technologies Environmental Emerging biotechnology for hydrocarbon fuel production in the absence of light and oxygen Sustainability Social Economical In the absence of light and oxygen, some bacteria can convert CO2 and/or CO and hydrogen into biofuels C
Slide 33: CO, CO2 and hydrogen fermentation to fuel and chemicals
Biotechnology and Energy Emerging Sustainable Technologies Environmental Emerging biotechnology for hydrocarbon fuel production in the absence of light and oxygen Sustainability Social Economical CO, CO2 and Hydrogen fermentation to fuel and chemicals CO2 + H2 to PHB CO2 to Methane ArcelorMittal and
Slide 34: Biotechnology for hydrogen production in presence of light and oxygen
Biotechnology and Energy Emerging Sustainable Technologies Environmental Emerging biotechnology for hydrogen production in the presence of light and oxygen Sustainability Social Economical Rhodobacter capsulatus is a bacteria which produces H2 from organic assets eg. lactate/acetate in a light-depen
Slide 35: 3D metal printing
Emerging Sustainable Technologies 3D metal printing
Slide 36: Additive Manufacturing Technologies
3D metal printing Emerging Sustainable Technologies Additive Manufacturing Technologies Environmental Sustainability Social Economical New concepts & applications Additive Manufacturing Tailor-made materials combing design freedom and Innovative designs tailor-made materials Compositional gradient W
Slide 37: Tailor-made material configurations
3D metal printing Emerging Sustainable Technologies Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Tailor-made material configurations for tailor-made functionalities Heat exchanger concept in Metal-ceramic FGMs can withstand high heat Aerosint’s concept technology for selective nickel-based material and grad
Slide 38: Tailor-made structures & designs
3D metal printing Emerging Sustainable Technologies Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Tailor-made structures & designs for tailor-made functionalities Production of 3D structured catalyst HIETA compact heat Michelin’s Vision concept tire contains through micro-extrusion of a ceramic/metallic exch
Slide 39: Green Mobility: what is new?
Emerging Sustainable Technologies Green Mobility: what is new?
Slide 40: Hyperloop: crazy idea from Elon Musk
Green Mobility Emerging Sustainable Technologies Hyperloop: crazy (?) idea from Elon Musk In 2013, Elon Musk published white paper on Hyperloop: moving by levitating vehicles at high speeds through low- pressure tubes reaching a speed up to 1.200 km/h. This first design of concept was released as op
Slide 41: Hyperloop: from crazy idea to reality?
Green Mobility Emerging Sustainable Technologies Hyperloop: from ‘crazy’ idea to reality? After the publication of the white paper, it doesn’t Develpment Technology Location take long for new companies to start developing Based on a low pressure tube this. Virgin Hyperloop One • Complete test track
Slide 42: Aviation's challenge: sustainable fuel, hydrogen?
Green Mobility Emerging Sustainable Technologies Environmental Real challenge for aviation is the ‘queste’ for ‘sustainable’ fuel… Hydrogen? Sustainability Social Economical AIRBUS looking at hydrogen; not to power the jet engines, How to transport 10kWh of energy? but to replace the Auxiliary Power
Slide 43: Renewable hydrocarbon fuels?
Green Mobility Emerging Sustainable Technologies Environmental Real challenge for aviation is the ‘queste’ for ‘sustainable’ fuel… Renewable hydrocarbon Sustainability Social Economical fuels? Environmental and social impact better than most bio-fuels… Too expensive today but highly dependant on ele
Slide 44: Self-healing materials
Emerging Sustainable Technologies Self-healing materials
Slide 45: Self-healing materials (SHM)
Self-healing materials Emerging Sustainable Technologies Self-healing materials (SHM) a. Capsule-based b. vascular c. intrinsic Material having the ability to automatically heal (recover/repair) damages without any external (human) intervention ‘Healing’ extends the lifetime of materials Two types o
Slide 46: Self-healing strategies
Self-healing materials Emerging Sustainable Technologies Self-healing Release of healing agents Before healing Before healing After healing After healing strategies • Liquid active agents (even bacteria) stored in microcapsules, hollow fibers, or microvascular networks that are embedded into systems
Slide 47: Self-healing applications & potential
Self-healing materials Emerging Sustainable Technologies Self-healing applications & potential Adhesives Concrete foundations • Waterways • Offshore (wind) & Structures • Harbour infrastructure Coatings and Underground Ex: self-healing fluid-filled power paint and sub-sea cables (Northern Powergrid)
Slide 48: Conclusions
Emerging Sustainable Technologies Conclusions
Slide 49: Emerging technologies and Energy: today and in future
Conclusions Emerging Sustainable Technologies Emerging technologies and Energy: today and in future Energy today 1. Electrochemical storage: what is new in batteries? 2. Radiative cooling 3. Artificial Intelligence: the concept of duelling neural networks (GANs) 1 4. Quantum computing 75 5. CO2 cycl
Slide 50: Discussion / Questions
Emerging Sustainable Technologies Research Discussion / Questions Feel free to contact us @ jan.mertens@engie.com / elodie.lecadre@engie.com
Slide 51: References
Emerging Sustainable Technologies [1] Steffen W. et al. 2015. Planetary Boundaries: Guiding human (GANs). <https://towardsdatascience.com/understanding- [23] Alketan O et al., 2018. Topology-Mechanical Property development on a changing planet. Science Vol. 347 no. 6223 generative-adversarial-networ
Slide 52: engie.com
CNGie engie.com