Abb Ltd. · SIX:ABBN
Abb — Technical Presentation (January 2024)
61 slides from Abb's technical presentation, January 2024
Slide 1: Digital switchgear concepts for MV applications
APPROVED FOR EXTERNAL USE — JANUARY 2024 Digital switchgear concepts for MV applications Safety and simplicity Terry Neighbours and Harsh Karandikar, Global Product Management © Copyright 2024 ABB. All rights reserved. Document ID.: 1VAL108401-PP Rev.: C
Slide 2: Learning objectives
— Learning objectives • Introduction to digital switchgear • Governing standards • Key digital switchgear components − Current and voltage sensors − Protection and control relays with LEA inputs • Benefits of digital switchgear − Examples • Asset health monitoring • Installations • Appendix January
Slide 3: What is digital switchgear?
— What is digital switchgear? A definition Switchgear where device status information, current and voltage measurements and commands are reliably transferred on a common communication bus. When equipped, the condition monitoring and diagnostic information of the switchgear and its devices is also di
Slide 4: ANSI MV digital switchgear
— ANSI MV digital switchgear Scope Base product – With digital solutions – Advance, Advance 27, Advance Digital, Advance 27 Digital, SafeGear Digital, SafeGear, SafeGear HD SafeGear HD Digital Base product Automation Monitoring and and control diagnostics (On-premise) Cloud gateway Future option: As
Slide 5: Digital switchgear is the next phase in the evolution of switchgear
— Digital switchgear is the next phase in the evolution of switchgear Communication Protocol Protective Relay, Meter Standard Standards Voltage Sensor Current Sensor SAFETY and SIMPLICITY are the most significant benefits, but there are many more. 802.3 Ethernet Cat 5E or Better Sensor technology an
Slide 6: MV digital switchgear evolution
— MV digital switchgear evolution New concept based on proven technologies 1994-1995 2009 Q4 2013 Q4 2018 Q4 2020 Current and Voltage Launched SwitchgearMD™ Launch of UniGear Digital First order for ANSI digital Official launch of UL/cUL sensors first introduced by in the US for new in the IEC marke
Slide 7: Governing standards
— Governing standards
Slide 8: ANSI/IEEE MV switchgear standards and sensors
— ANSI/IEEE MV switchgear standards and sensors – Both the previous version (2015) and latest version (2022) of the metal-clad switchgear standard, IEEE C37.20.2, addresses the use of voltage sensors in Annex D. There are also clauses in the standard that address the use of current sensors. – Additi
Slide 9: What standards are applicable to sensors?
— What standards are applicable to sensors? Background ITs are primarily covered by IEEE C57.13-2016; this standard does not cover sensors IEEE standards / guides for current and voltage sensors – No specific standard exists today – IEEE PSIM formed new Sensor Subcommittee in January 2020 to organiz
Slide 10: Key digital switchgear components
— Key digital switchgear components
Slide 11: Key digital switchgear components
— Key digital switchgear components Levels of digitalization Description Main value 1. Reduced weight 2. Space saving (primarily due to elimination of PT Simply replace CTs and PTs with current and voltage compartment) sensors. 3. Eliminates problems of saturation and Level 0 ferroresonance Add addi
Slide 12: Digital switchgear
— Digital switchgear Circuit breaker compartment Current sensors MV sensors Standards • IEEE 802.3ae and 802.3an Current • IEC 60044-8; 61869-10 sensors Electronic current transformers • UL/UR Certified Cat 5E or better Cable January 25, 2024 Slide 12
Slide 13: Digital switchgear
— Digital switchgear Cable compartment Voltage sensors MV sensors Standards • IEEE 802.3ae and 802.3an Voltage • IEC 60044-7 sensors Electronic voltage transformers • UL/UR Certified Cat 5E or Better Cable Boots cover the sensor terminals in practice. January 25, 2024 Slide 13
Slide 14: Sensors – ideal for critical applications
— Sensors – ideal for critical applications Concerns better addressed by sensors • 20+ yr old technology in switchgear • Use solid state components and little or no ferromagnetic material in circuit • Lack of magnetic core - very low energy output – cannot typically transfer power to secondary • Cur
Slide 15: Current sensors
— Current sensors Current sensors are safer than conventional CTs Digital switchgear No saturation Rogowski coil sensor (air core) – Us=150 mV for 50 Hz --- 80 A Primary – Us=180 mV for 60 Hz --- 80 A Primary Rogowski coil sensor di p (t ) • Output voltage is proportional to the derivative of primar
Slide 16: Current sensors
— Current sensors Increased performance in differential protection Secondary output Rogowski Coil ABB sensor • Improved sensitivity for “in zone” faults Saturation • Speed of response – reaches steady state of output faster vs. level a Conventional CT Standard CT • High security for “out of zone” fa
Slide 17: Current sensors
— Current sensors Combined accuracy class 0.5/5P630 (5P400) • Current sensors, thanks to their linear characteristic, guarantee wide range of primary current • The sensor standard defines accuracy characteristic as combination of metering and protection class into one • Thus, current sensors transmi
Slide 18: Voltage sensors
— Voltage sensors Voltage sensors are safer than conventional PTs No ferroresonance Voltage sensors (non-inductive) Resistive voltage divider sensor • Passive element • No fuses required R2 Non-saturable and linear over the whole measuring range US = UP No ferro resonance (non-inductive) R1 + R2 10,
Slide 19: Voltage sensors
— Voltage sensors Combined accuracy class 0.5/3P • For voltage sensors, the sensor standard defines the accuracy class combining metering and protection class into one • Thus, voltage sensors have accuracy class of 0.5 January 25, 2024 Slide 19
Slide 20: Current and voltage sensor connections to IED
— Current and voltage sensor connections to IED Point-to-point wiring eliminated and test set-up simplified Sensors FT switch digital Protection relay per 3 phase Shielded cable with Cat 5E (min) L1 L1 Adapter Protective relays must have LEA (Low Energy Analog) inputs compatible with the Rogowski co
Slide 21: Innovation workshop
— Innovation workshop MV sensors – easy to test and verify Required tests Available primary injection test set 1. Primary injection test/Ratio Test • Omicron CPC 100 2. Polarity test 3. Secondary winding resistance test 4. Secondary circuit insulation resistance test 5. Magnetization curves test Jan
Slide 22: Relays for digital switchgear
— Relays for digital switchgear Future proof solution based on IEC 61850 and IEEE 802.3 standards – Based on worldwide accepted IEC 61850 standard ensuring long-term sustainability – Ready to be connected to remote control (SCADA) 61850 systems – GOOSE messaging configured with software setting – Av
Slide 23: Meters for digital switchgear
— Meters for digital switchgear – Relion relays have powerful metering capabilities and a large display to clearly show all parameters of interest. – Limited options for standalone meters with Low Energy Analog (LEA) inputs (needed with current and voltage sensors). − SATEC Power Quality meters, mod
Slide 24: IEC 61850-9-2LE process bus and GOOSE messaging
— IEC 61850-9-2LE process bus and GOOSE messaging One line diagram Common Ethernet Station bus (IEC 61850-8-1), process bus (IEC 61850-9-2 LE) and IEEE 1588 v2 time synchronization GOOSE GOOSE GOOSE GOOSE GOOSE GOOSE GOOSE SMV SMV SMV Digital data SMV SMV SMV SMV IED Analog measurements Voltage sens
Slide 25: Benefits of digital switchgear
— Benefits of digital switchgear
Slide 26: Value of digital switchgear
— Value of digital switchgear Safety Simplicity Increased safety due to the use of Reduction in hardware and wiring current and voltage sensors. creating a simpler design to install Condition monitoring technologies and maintain. Current and voltage reduce personnel exposure due to sensors provide g
Slide 27: Digital switchgear benefits – Safety
— Digital switchgear benefits – Safety Safety by design Installation and commissioning Operation Troubleshooting and maintenance • Reduced wiring and simple connectors • Current and voltage sensors have LEA • Current sensor eliminates danger of reduces errors and installation time. outputs. high vol
Slide 28: Digital switchgear benefits – Simplicity
— Digital Switchgear benefits – Simplicity Wiring and variants No cable tray Reduced variants Voltage Voltage transformers 10’s 2 sensors Single conduit to carry fiber Full range: up to 4000 A, 63 kA, 27 kV Current 100’s 1 Current transformers Conventional Reduced wiring Digital sensors January 25,
Slide 29: Digital switchgear benefits – Speed
— Digital switchgear benefits – Speed Flexibility and efficiency Flexibility for varying applications Late changes/late customization Reduced Overall Project Times • Changing loads does not require • Optimized set-up for quick and easy • No need for early definition of details changes in hardware li
Slide 30: Digital switchgear benefits – Savings
— Digital switchgear benefits – Savings Smaller ffootprint Reference project: ANSI switchgear at a US industrial user LINE BUS SIDE SIDE Conventional January 25, 2024 Slide 30
Slide 31: Digital switchgear benefits – Savings
— Digital switchgear benefits – Savings Smaller ffootprint Reference project: ANSI switchgear at a US industrial user BUS SIDE LINE SIDE B03.01 B03.02 B03.04 52-1 52-2 52-3 Digital Footprint: -25%, costs: -8.9% January 25, 2024 Slide 31
Slide 32: Digital switchgear benefits – Sustainability
— Digital switchgear benefits – Sustainability Sustainability via material and energy savings Feeder CTs Number Number Power Energy consumption Reduced material consumption of panels of CTs consumption in 30 years* secondary current CT w/1A rated – Sensors are small and weigh less compared to Incomi
Slide 33: Benefits of digital medium voltage switchgear
— Benefits of digital medium voltage switchgear Increased system reliability Benefits of IEC 61850 communication Fast and reliable communication with IEC 61850, the global standard for communications in substations − Complex control transfer schemes can be configured using the IEC 61850 compliant re
Slide 34: Asset health monitoring
— Asset health monitoring SwitchgearMD™
Slide 35: Asset health monitoring: temperature monitoring
— Asset health monitoring Temperature monitoring: non-intrusive methods - IR cameras - Fiber optic sensors - Wireless Active (battery powered) sensors - Periodic measurement - Require direct surface contact - Require direct surface contact - Require a pre-installed transparent window - Real-time mon
Slide 36: Asset health monitoring: partial discharge monitoring
— Asset health monitoring Partial discharge monitoring IEC 60270:2000+AMD1:2015 partial discharge IEC 62478:2016 high-voltage test techniques – measurement of partial discharge by measurements electromagnetic and acoustic methods - Direct measurement of current and voltage spikes using - Instruments
Slide 37: Asset health monitoring: circuit breaker monitoring
— Asset health monitoring Circuit breaker monitoring Data retrieved from relays – Circuit breaker opening time – Circuit breaker closing time – Spring charging time (for spring mech breakers) – I2t (per phase) – Number of operations – Days of inactivity – Trip coil supervision (Binary) – Gas pressur
Slide 38: ANSI MV metal-clad switchgear monitoring
— ANSI MV metal-clad switchgear monitoring SwitchgearMD™ component placement SAW sensors (placed under the insulating boot) IR sensors (pointed to bus area just outside the insulating boot covering the bus joint). Humidity Sensor (1 per frame) Antennas for SAW sensors and PD detection (2 antennas pe
Slide 39: Asset health monitoring: application recommendations
— Asset health monitoring Application recommendations − Aging equipment that may be susceptible to primary cable failures − Remote or isolated equipment that is difficult for personnel to access − Critical power equipment that serve processes that would be costly to shut down − Equipment that will t
Slide 40: Installations
— Installations
Slide 41: Digital switchgear: global references
— Digital switchgear Global references ABB has supplied >1500 Digital Switchgear panels in over 30 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas January 25, 2024 Slide 41
Slide 42: Reference examples in Oil, Gas & Chemical / Food & Beverage
— Digital switchgear Reference examples in Oil, Gas & Chemical / Food & Beverage Food & Beverage, USA Major downstream company, ZA Chemical company, UK – Number of frames: 4 – Number of frames: 21 – Number of frames: 20 – Voltage level: 4.16 kV – Voltage level: 3,3/6,6/11 kV – Voltage level: 11 kV –
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Slide 44: Appendix: IEC 61850 Basics for digital switchgear
— Appendix IEC 61850 Basics for digital switchgear
Slide 45: MV digital switchgear connection and protocol standards
— MV digital switchgear connection and protocol standards Background of improvements International Institute of Electrical Electrotechnical and Electronics Engineers Commission Ethernet 802.3 Connection Standards IEC/IEEE 61850 Protocol Standards 1990: IEEE 802.3i – 10 Mbps 2003: IEC 61850-2 Glossar
Slide 46: Introduction to IEC 61850
— Introduction to IEC 61850 Station and process bus: physical allocation Overview Station bus – Serial connection between station level devices • E.g., station computer, network gateway, bay level IEDs like protection and control IEDs Process bus – Serial connection between bay level IEDs and proces
Slide 47: Introduction to IEC 61850
— Introduction to IEC 61850 IEC 61850 services on station bus Overview Station bus – Data is transferred according IEC 61850-8-1 for: • Control service - Commands • Report Service - Indications to IEC 61850 clients • GOOSE service - Indication and information exchange between bay level IEDs • File t
Slide 48: Introduction to IEC 61850
— Introduction to IEC 61850 IEC 61850 services on process bus Overview Process bus – Data is transferred according IEC 61850-8-1 for: • GOOSE service - Binary states like switch/CB positions - Trips - Commands – Data is transferred according IEC 61850-9-2 for: • Sampled value service - Sampled curre
Slide 49: Protocol characteristics
— Protocol characteristics GOOSE vs sampled measured values (SMV) January 25, 2024 Slide 17
Slide 50: Appendix: Bus protection applications
— Appendix Bus protection applications
Slide 51: Bus protection: internal bus fault
— Bus protection Principle of operation (internal bus fault) Bus protection • Bus fault occurs • At least one reverse direction (REV) element is detected • Not any forward direction (FWD) 67-1 67-1 67-1 67-1 element is pending P/N P/N P/N P/N 67-2 (Master) 67-2 67-2 67-2 • The “master” relay trips a
Slide 52: Bus protection: external through fault
— Bus protection Principle of operation (external through fault) Bus protection • An external/through fault occurs, i.e., on Feeder #2 • Feeder #2 relay FWD detected 67-1 67-1 67-1 67-1 • The rest of relays either see REV or not P/N P/N P/N P/N 67-2 (Master) 67-2 67-2 67-2 FWD P/N P/N P/N P/N (Backu
Slide 53: Bus protection: scheme validation testing results
— Bus protection Scheme validation testing results Operating times for internal bus fault Operating times for external through fault January 25, 2024 Slide 53
Slide 54: Bus protection: novel method using GOOSE messaging
— Bus protection Novel method using GOOSE messaging Bus protection • Utilization of directional overcurrent elements of feeder protection relays • Dedicated bus protection relay and associated current transformers are not required (reduces footprint) • Reliable: operates only upon a fault on the pro
Slide 55: Bus protection: communication redundancy
— Bus protection Communication redundancy IEC 61850 Ethernet Redundancy – HSR High-availability Seamless Redundancy (self-healing ring) 67-1 67-1 67-1 67-1 P/N P/N • IEC 61850 Ethernet Redundancy – PRP P/N P/N 67-2 (Master) 67-2 67-2 67-2 P/N P/N P/N P/N Parallel Redundancy Protocol (double (Backu
Slide 56: Appendix: Application areas from components to solutions
— Appendix Application areas from components to solutions
Slide 57: Single-line diagram applications
— Single-line diagram applications Δ Δ MTM Configuration Y Y Loads – 500HP motor, long feeder, secondary Υ or Δ REF615 Conf N Υ or Δ REF615 Conf N selective substations/ low voltage switchgear 3 3 67P/51P/50P 67P/51P/50P 3 3 50BF 50BF 67G/51G/50G 67G/51G/50G 27 27 52 27R 52 27R 25 25 AFD AFD Without
Slide 58: Bus protection application
— Bus protection application Relays that support IEC 61850-9-2LE provide Δ Δ real-time sharing of information accurate Y Va, Vb, Vc Y Va, Vb, Vc enough for protection and control. REF615 Conf L REF615 Conf L 67P/51P/50P 67P/51P/50P 3I 3I 50BF 50BF 67G/51G/50G 67G/51G/50G In this example, voltage sam
Slide 59: Line protection application
— Δ SSC600 Centralized Δ Line protection application Protection, Control Y Va, Vb, Y Va, Vb, Vc -Voltage Protection Vc REF615 Conf L -Current Protection REF615 Conf L -Frequency 3I 67P/51P/50P Protection 3I 67P/51P/50P 50BF -Line Differential 50BF 67G/51G/50G -Line Distance 67G/51G/50G 52 27 52 27 2
Slide 60: Smart substation control and protection
— Smart substation control and protection – Centralized, protection and control in one single device at a Substation level for reduced network complexity – Ease of adding additional functions, changing protection philosophy after commissioning of apparatus – Back-up protection provided by individual
Slide 61: Smart substation control and protection
— Smart substation control and protection January 25, 2024 Slide 61