3m Company · NYSE:MMM
3m — Technical Presentation (February 2017)
35 slides from 3m's technical presentation, Feb 15, 2017
Slide 1: A Comparison of Cargo Trailer Assembly Methods
The freedom to imagine. To design. To build. A Comparison of Cargo Trailer Assembly Methods February 15th, 2017 Industrial Adhesives & Tapes Division Industrial Adhesives & Tapes Division
Slide 2: Introductions and Abstract
Introductions • Jeff Sprout, Transportation Segment Leader, 3M Company, St. Paul, MN • Dave Herington, US Bonding Business Manager, 3M Company, St. Paul, MN • Brent Bystrom, Technical Service Specialist, 3M Company, S. Paul, MN Abstract: A Comparison of Cargo Trailer Assembly Methods • The market ha
Slide 3: Agenda
Agenda • Primary Methods for Trailer Panel Assembly • Assembly Considerations of Different Assembly Methods • Performance and Aesthetic Considerations of Different Assembly Methods • Dealer / Customer Considerations of Different Assembly Methods • Q&A 31 March © 3M 2020. All Rights Reserved. 3
Slide 4: Methods of Assembling Trailers
Methods of Assembling Trailers • Mechanical Fasteners (Screw and Rivets) • Liquid Adhesive Bonding • Acrylic Foam Tape • Liquid and Tape Combo 31 March © 3M 2020. All Rights Reserved. 4
Slide 5: Methods of Assembling Trailers
Methods of Assembling Trailers • Mechanical Fasteners (Screw and Rivets) – Attaching side panels to frame with screws or rivets – Most common approach seen in the market today – Typically chosen due to familiarity of method, ease of training crews, low material cost Mechanical Fasteners • Liquid Adh
Slide 6: Methods of Assembling Trailers
Methods of Assembling Trailers • Acrylic Foam Tape – Panel bonded to frame and overlap seams bonded with a fully cured “double sided” acrylic foam tape – Durability and performance proven with extensive 3rd party testing and a 25+ year track record – Chosen due to performance, durability, smooth loo
Slide 7: Process, Performance and Aesthetics Considerations of the Various Assembly Methods
Process, Performance and Aesthetics Considerations of the Various Assembly Methods 31 March © 3M 2020. All Rights Reserved. 7
Slide 8: Mechanical Fastener Method
Mechanical Fastener Method 31 March © 3M 2020. All Rights Reserved. 8
Slide 9: Mechanical Fastener Assembly Considerations
Mechanical Fastener Assembly Considerations Advantages: Limitations/Challenges: • Immediate holding strength • Screw location must be identified to • Easy to train operators make sure fastener doesn’t miss frame (X on posts and 2X at seams) • No surface preparation required • Significant tool noise,
Slide 10: Mechanical Fasteners Performance/Aesthetic Considerations
Mechanical Fasteners Performance/Aesthetic Considerations Bosch Automotive Proving Grounds: Performance concerns: 31% of screws loose after 36,000 • Panel fatigue (point stresses) simulated miles • Metal to metal contact creates galvanic corrosion • Reduced durability as screws loosen • No sealing –
Slide 11: Mechanical Fasteners Performance/Aesthetic Considerations
Mechanical Fasteners Performance/Aesthetic Considerations 31 March © 3M 2020. All Rights Reserved. 11
Slide 12: Liquid Adhesives Method
Liquid Adhesives Method 31 March © 3M 2020. All Rights Reserved. 12
Slide 13: Liquid Adhesive Assembly Considerations
Liquid Adhesive Assembly Considerations Advantages: Limitations/Challenges: • Easy to apply adhesive onto frame • Some adhesives require surface • Minimal training required preparation for adequate performance • Application process is quicker than • Adhesives don’t have immediate handling screwed tr
Slide 14: Liquid Adhesive Performance / Aesthetics Considerations
Liquid Adhesive Performance / Aesthetics Considerations Performance Considerations • Adhesives provide bonding and sealing • Adhesives distribute stress over a larger area – minimize stress concentration and fatigue • Some adhesives have flexibility and elongation to withstand vibration and impact •
Slide 15: Typical Adhesives Used in Panel Bonding
Typical Adhesives Used in Panel Bonding Adhesive Sealants Structural Adhesives Polyurethane SMP Acrylic Epoxy - Minimal surface prep - Lowest cost solution - Very high ultimate required - Very high ultimate - Good flexibility & strength Advantages - Good flexibility & strength elongation - Relativel
Slide 16: Adhesive Sealant Technology Considerations
Adhesive Sealant Technology Considerations Polyurethane Adhesive Sealants • Lowest cost solution • Surface prep required on aluminum and steel • Great overall adhesion and durability Silane Modified Polymer (SMP) • Similar performance to polyurethanes • Typically, NO primer needed for aluminum and s
Slide 17: Adhesive Sealant – Rate of Strength Build
Adhesive Sealant – Rate of Strength Build CAUTION: Adhesive sealants take a long time to build strength and ultimately cure • Adhesives sealants are a moisture curing technology • When sandwiched between two pieces of metal, they have to cure from the outside in • This can take 14 – 28 days • Risk o
Slide 18: Structural Adhesives Technology Considerations
Structural Adhesives Technology Considerations Acrylic adhesives • Fast rate of strength build (10-20 minutes to handling strength) • Minimal surface prep required • Plenty strong for panel bonding Epoxy adhesives • Slower rate of strength build (hours) • Typically require more surface prep than acr
Slide 19: Structural Adhesive Caution – False Bonds
Structural Adhesive Caution – False Bonds Barrier Structural • Common issue when using tape adhesive liquid adhesives with an open-cell foam barrier Outer Panel tape Tape and • Pressure on the bond adhesive “flattens” the adhesive compressed • Adhesive separates upon recovery of the foam Outer Panel
Slide 20: Acrylic Foam Tape Method
Acrylic Foam Tape Method 31 March © 3M 2020. All Rights Reserved. 20
Slide 21: Acrylic Foam Tape Assembly Considerations
Acrylic Foam Tape Assembly Considerations Advantages: • Ease and convenience of tape Limitations/Challenges: • Some surface preparation required • Flexibility in assembly process • Pre- tape panels • Planarity of bonded substrates • Pre-tape posts (prior to frame set) • Some design change required •
Slide 22: Acrylic Foam Tape Performance Considerations
Acrylic Foam Tape Performance Considerations • Proven performance and durability Bosch study – 100,000 miles with no delamination* (screws failing at 36,000) • Closed cell acrylic adhesive core allows bonding and sealing • Stresses distributed across entire bond line • Viscoelastic material: energy
Slide 23: Acrylic Foam Tape Aesthetics Considerations
Acrylic Foam Tape Aesthetics Considerations Aesthetics Considerations: • Ultimate smooth-sided appearance (unconstrained design) • Improved appearance and durability of graphic overlays • Protective film stays on sidewall panel throughout production 31 March © 3M 2020. All Rights Reserved. 23
Slide 24: Acrylic Foam Tape Technical/Design Considerations
Acrylic Foam Tape Technical/Design Considerations • Need to design for thermal expansion & contraction • Stress can cause popping of panels • Unconstrained design is optimal • Things to try and prevent: • Screw through panel • Screw right above panel preventing expansion • Pinch extrusion up against
Slide 25: Acrylic Foam Tape Technical/Design Considerations
Acrylic Foam Tape Technical/Design Considerations • Not all foam tapes are created equally • Various acrylic adhesives • Various core densities • Firm, Conformable, Soft • Poor tape selection can lead to failure • Cyclic Fatigue Test– potential predictor of tape failure (core strength) 31 March © 3M
Slide 26: Liquid & Tape Combo Method
Liquid & Tape Combo Method 31 March © 3M 2020. All Rights Reserved. 26
Slide 27: Liquid & Tape Combo Assembly Considerations
Liquid & Tape Combo Assembly Considerations Advantages: Limitations/Challenges: • Leverages benefits of tape and • Some surface preparation required adhesive • Substrate dependent • Immediate green strength from the • Operator training required tape • Process is important, but easy to learn • Holds
Slide 28: Liquid & Tape Combo Performance/Aesthetics Considerations
Liquid & Tape Combo Performance/Aesthetics Considerations Performance Considerations • Tape and adhesive sealants both have viscoelastic properties • Tape and adhesive sealants both provide bonding and sealing • Tape is holding panel in place while adhesive is curing • Newer assembly method, not as
Slide 29: Summary – Wrap up
Summary – Wrap up Process Performance Aesthetics Fasteners Easy, time consuming Loosen over time, corrosion Least attractive and leaking Liquids Easy, fast application, needs Good long term Smooth look, potential for fixturing performance, need to ensure dimpling, waviness, or read- full cure throug
Slide 30: Dealer and Customer Considerations of the Various Assembly Methods
Dealer and Customer Considerations of the Various Assembly Methods 31 March © 3M 2020. All Rights Reserved. 30
Slide 31: Dealer and Trailer Owner Considerations
Dealer and Trailer Owner Considerations How dealers sell smooth sided trailers sell for a 10-15% premium • Aesthetics • Durability • Water resistant • Weight reduction • Reduction in NVH • Minimal warranty/rework 31 March © 3M 2020. All Rights Reserved. 31
Slide 32: Dealer and Trailer Owner Considerations
Dealer and Trailer Owner Considerations 31 March © 3M 2020. All Rights Reserved. 32
Slide 33: Trailer Build Demo
Trailer Build Demo Industrial Adhesives & Tapes Division
Slide 34: Frequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions • We have seen taped trailers fail in the past. How can you explain that? • Constrained design • Wrong tape • Surface prep or process • The process of taping seems slower than adhesives or fasteners. • What about two-component adhesive sealant technology? • How strong does
Slide 35: Questions?
Questions? Industrial Adhesives & Tapes Division