Australian Vanadium Limited · ASX:AVL
Australian Vanadium — Technical Presentation (September 2013)
49 slides from Australian Vanadium's technical presentation, Sep 27, 2013
Slide 1: Development and Challenge of Vanadium Flow Battery Technology
Development and Challenge of Vanadium flow Battery Technology Prof. Huamin Zhang Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) VP and CTO. VP. CTO Rongke Power Co Co., Ltd Ltd.（KRP Ltd.（ KRP） ） Vanadium Flow Battery Sep. 27th，2013 Beijing
Slide 2: Energy storage division
Energy storage division Dalian National Lab for Clean energy Around 30 staffs Division Head: Division of Energy storage Prof. Huamin Zhang 20 g graduate students PEMFC & flow battery testing, Materials and technologies High energy density evaluation For flow batteries Li battery Li-Air Li-S Sub 01 S
Slide 3: Rongke Power at a Glance
Rongke Power at a Glance Rongke Power is a leading VFB manufacturer : Innovative I ti materials t i l & components t development d l t and d production d ti Integrated energy storage solutions from engineering to finished turn- turn-key systems. Company own 16,000 16 000 m2 manufacturing and R
Slide 4: Why energy storage?
Why energy storage? Solar energy gy Non Non--controllable Wind energy gy Too “random” to be connected to the grid use for widely use. Grid Aff t d by Affected b weather th Smart grid Tide energy 4
Slide 5: Solar and wind power application target in China
Market Solar and wind power application targetinofChina China 《Renewable Energy Revival Plan of china》 Target: g By y 2020,, 15 % of all consumption p energy gy is to come from RE Installation Capability Wind Solar 2009 yr (GW) 20 0.75 0 75 2010 yr (GW) 30 1 2020 yr (GW) 150 20 GW 150 GW 20 150 20 S
Slide 6: Characteristics of Different Energy Storage Techniques
Characteristics of Different Energy Storage Techniques UPS Grid Support Energy Management ower ours Power Quality Load shifting Bridging Power Bulk Power Mgt Po Fl Flow B Batteries i Ho Metal--Air Batteries Metal Pumped harge Time at Rated NaS Batteries Hydro High g Energy gy Advanced Lead Compresse
Slide 7: Requirements for large-scale energy storage technology
Requirements for large- large-scale energy storage technology Safety Higher Performance- Performance-to to--price ratio of life cycle Lower Environmental load of life cycle For large- large-scale energy storage, the harm and loss resulting l i ffrom safety f accidents id are serious i b becaus
Slide 8: Formulation of research program on energy storage from US DOE in 2011
Formulation of the research program on energy storage g from the US energygy department p in 2011
Slide 9: Japan building large-scale VFB energy storage system in Hokkaido
Japan is building a large large--scale (15MW/60MWh) VFB eenergy e gy storage sto age system syste in Hokkaido o a do Output Smoothing, frequency modulation, and Power Prediction generation for renewable energy
Slide 10: Principle of the flow battery
Principle of the flow battery Flow battery electrochemically store/release electricity by the valence change of the species in the electrolyte that circulate through the anode and the cathode, which are separated by an ion exchange membrane. Principle diagram of flow battery
Slide 11: Cr/Fe Flow Battery
Cr/Fe Flow Battery S i Serious h hydrogen d evolution, l ti 11 capacity loss, low energy efficiency
Slide 12: Sodium Polysulfide/Br flow battery
Sodium Polysulfide /Br flow battery 12
Slide 13: Zn-Br flow battery
Zn-Br flow battery Zine Deposit at Charged State , Membrane Fa ; M4 in™ Br- lon in™ Br- lon densities Increase with densities Discharge : . Increase with Discharge At Charge Neg. electrode side: Zrét +26 2 Zn! (Zn plated on neg. electrode) Pos. electrode side: 2By © Bry (aq) + ae (By, complexed into
Slide 14: Vanadium flow battery (VFB)
Vanadium flow battery (VFB) VFB electrochemically store/release electricity by the valence change of the Vanadium ions in the electrolyte that circulate through the anode and the cathode, which are separated by an ion exchange membrane membrane.. Vanadium Flow Battery (VFB） (VFB） Anode: VO2+＋H2O - e
Slide 15: Electrolytes of Vanadium Flow Battery
Electrolytes of Vanadium Flow Battery 15
Slide 16: Advantages of VFB
Advantages of VFB Independent system design for Increase power and capacity power Output p Power Range: g kW- kW-MW;; Energy Storage Capacity : kWh- kWh-10MWh Ellectrolytte High energy efficiency (>75%) Module e Long change/discharge lifetime Deep discharge ability Low self self--discharge
Slide 17: Key materials and technology of flow battery
Key materials and technology of flow battery Electrolytes Electrodes System integration Membranes Stacks The main target is to improve the power density and decrease the cost of VFB by exploring high performance materials and optimizing stack structure (membranes with high selectivity, stability and
Slide 18: Challenges of VFB key materials
Challenges of VFB key materials for improving performance and cost down The performance of the materials used determines the performance of the VFB VOSO4 Electrolyte Ion membrane Electrode/Bipolar plate Stability Activity Stability Durability Electrical conductivity Solubility Selectivi
Slide 19: Challenges of VFB for commercialization
Challenges of VFB for commercialization poor electrolyte stability and less solubility lead to low energy density. Low selectivity to the vanadium ions of memberan lead to the Unbalance of vanadium ions and Water, and the capacity degradation after long operation p time. Low rated operation cur
Slide 20: Challenges to VFB industrialization
Challenges to VFB industrialization others BoP & BMS stack Cost breakdown with a system y of 1MW/5MWh electrolyte Challenges Cost Target: 3000RMB/kWh High perfomance perfomance,, low cost materials Lower power density, density new stack with high g power p density y Rated current density should be
Slide 21: Polarization analysis of VFB
Polarization analysis of VFB EIS measurement Concentration polariztion Electrode Electrode structure 5% resistance Electrochemistry Electrode polariztion l i ti material t i l 21% Ohmic polariztion Raise the 74% Electrocatalytic Modification Contact of bipolar p A ti it off Activity resistance plate
Slide 22: Membranes: Key materials to push VFB commercialization
Membranes: Key materials to push VFB commercialization CF2 CF2 CF CF2 n O CF2-CF-O CF2CF2SO3H m CF3 Perfluorosulfonic acid membranes (Larger L continuous ti clusters l t Structure St t ) Function Disadvantage Isolate electrolytes High cost (600 600--800 $/m2） 100 $/m2 ） transport H+ or SO42- Lo
Slide 23: Morphology of Perfluorosulfonic acid membranes
Morphology of Perfluorosulfonic acid membranes CF2 CF2 CF CF2 x y C F2 C F2 CF C F2 x y O C F2C F O (C F 2 )2S O 3 H z O C F 2 C F 2 SO 3 H CF3 Nafion 115 with long side chain SSC with short side chain (Solvay) Nafion afion115 fi 115 SSC-M2 SSC- Morphologies of hydrophilic domain recorded by TEM and
Slide 24: Morphology of Perfluorosulfonic acid membranes: SSC-M2 performance
Morphology of Perfluorosulfonic acid membranes SSC-M2 exhibited higher coulomb SSC- efficiency and similar voltage efficiency and much slower capacity fading fading than that of NF115. The results indicate that membrane with short side chains is proved to be one of the ideal options in fabricating h
Slide 25: Non-Fluoride IEMs Developed by DICP
Non--Fluoride IEMs Developed Non p byy DICP Nafion--115 Nafion DICP The cycle life of DICP- DICP-2 CE (%) 95 97.6 membranes was investigated. The performance kept stable EE (%) 80 84% after running more than 12 Life (cycles) >13000 >10000 months. The battery has Cost ($/m2) 650 100 fi i h d more tha
Slide 26: Porous membranes as VFB separators
Porous membranes as VFB separators Larger molecules unable to pass Smaller molecules/ solvent pass through. Membrane Can porous separation membranes be next generation separator for VFB? Energy & Environmental Science, 2011, 4, 1676–1679
Slide 27: Porous membranes for VFB application
P Porous membranes b for f VFB application li ti After optimization, membranes very high ion conductivity and ion selectivity l ti it were successfully f ll explored l d and d show h excellent ll t performance (Better than Nafion 115) under VFB operating condition. Energy & Environmental Science,6 (
Slide 28: The Mass Production of Electrolyte
The Mass Production of Electrolyte A produce d li line with ith capacity it off 200MWh/year 200MWh/ 200MWh/ MWh/year was successfully assembled assembled.. The produced electrolytes show very good stability and high performance performance..
Slide 29: Carbon Plastic Bipolar Plate
Carbon Plastic Bipolar Plate 1.0 m Bulk resistance < 0.17 Ω.cm Bending strength >28 MPa Corrosion resistance <0.7 uA.cm-2 Thickness 1 mm Cost <100 RMB/m2 Yield 10,000 m2/year Carbon/plastic plates showed similar properties with commercial graphite plates, while the cost almost the 1/10 of the graphi
Slide 30: Mass production of 22kW Flow Battery Stack
Mass production of 22kW Flow Battery Stack Stack assemble line Production capacity 15MW/Year
Slide 31: 352kW VFB module for MW class system
352kW VFB module for MW class system 22kW Stack 352 kW VFB system module Energy efficiency (EE) of stacks ＞80% 352 kW subsystem (EE) ＞75% 90% Charge 90% discharge conversion time <90ms
Slide 32: A wind/solar/VFB joint power supplying system for intelligent residence
A wind/solar/VFB jjoint power p supplying pp y g system for intelligent residence (2009) 3.5kW PV 3.5kW Wind Turbine 5kW/50kWh VFB
Slide 33: US DOE energy storage delegation visit
energy storage Delegation of US DOE visit my home
Slide 34: A BIPV-VFB Demonstration in Rongke Power
A “BIPV “BIPV--VFB” Demonstration iin R Rongke k P Power CCo. Ltd Ltd. (D (Dec. 2009) PV: 60 kW VFB: 60 kW / 300 kWh
Slide 35: Solar-VFB-Diesel Engine Power Supply System for Isolated Island
Solar--VFB Solar VFB--Diesel Engine Power Supply System for An Isolated Island Snake Island (Sep 2011) (Sep. PV controlor Inventor Island load Solar Cell 20kW VFB 10kW/200kWh Charger Diesel Engine
Slide 36: Distributed Energy Storage: Micro-grid Power Supply System
Distributed Energy Storage Micro--grid Power Supply System Micro 200kW/800kWh VFB for a micro grid 2.5MW wind turbine 200kW/800KWh VFB 200kW*10s 200kW*4h super 200kW*10s Li battery capacitor Fly wheel PV1 PV2 PV3 Energy gy controling system Load1 load2 load3 load4 EV Charging station
Slide 37: 200kW/800kWh VFB for Micro grid
200kW/800kWh VFB for Micro grid Items Parameter Rated Power 200 kW Capacity 800 kWh DC V Voltage lt 250 390 V 250-390 Rated DC 640A C Currentt 20kW * 10 Stack 5 serials,, 2 parallel p Temp. -20℃ − 40℃ Size 12.5m×7.2m×2.5m
Slide 38: 5MW/10MWh VFB for a 50MW Wind Farm
5MW/10MWh VFB for a 50MW Wind Farm (Since Oct. 2012) Wind farm 35kV line 110/220kV grid Wind farm transformer Inventor Inventor 15 sets basic DC400-620V DC400-620V systems 352kW VFB subsystem
Slide 39: World's largest scale VFB system of 5MW/10MWh in wind farm
Demonstration project of the world’s largest scale VFB system of 5MW/10MWh in the wind farm 卧牛石风电场 一角 角 39
Slide 40: 5MW/10MWh VFB for a 50MW Wind Farm
5MW/10MWh VFB for a 50MW Wind Farm A 5MW/10 MW/10MWhMWh VFB system was successfully installed recently by Rongke Power and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics.. This is the largest VFB system up to now in the Physics world, the system is combined with a 50 MW wind farm to ensure the smooth output o
Slide 41: Cost Reduction Roadmap
Cost Reduction Road Roadmmap Costdown map of RKP ($/kW) ($/kWh) 3000 400 2300 2100 300 280 300 240 220 2000 1600 200 1200 1100 200 1000 100 Stack cost down Electrolyte y cost down 0 0 2011 Yr Yr2012 2012 Yr Yr2013 2013 Yr Yr2014 2014 Yr Yr2015 2015 Yr 2011 Yr 2012 Yr 2013 Yr 2014 Yr 2015 Yr The cost
Slide 42: High Operation Current Density
High Operation Current Density Decrease the inner resistance of VFB Increase the conductivity of membrane High performance Improve the electrocatalytic activity of electrode 100 Current CE VE EE 80mA/cm 2 95 density (%) (%) (%) 2 120mA/cm (mA/cm2) 90 2 160mA/cm E ffic ie n c y % 2 80 93.8 92.5 8
Slide 43: Development of High Power Density VFB Stacks
Development of High Power Density VFB Stacks Materials and structural The operating current density optimization increased i d from f 80 to A/ 2 t 160 mA/cm Current densityy CE VE EE (mA/cm2) (%) (%) (%) 80 97 4 97.4 90 1 90.1 87 8 87.8 100 98.2 88.0 86.4 120 98.5 85.9 84.6 140 98.7 83.9 82.8 160 98
Slide 44: International flow battery standards leadership (CEN&CENELEC, IEC)
领军国家及国际液流电池标准制定 具有重要的影响力和话语权 应欧洲标准化组织 欧洲标准化组织CEN&CENELEC 邀请，全面参与欧 CEN&CENELEC邀请，全面参与欧 洲液流电池标准制定,,多次参加欧洲液流电池标准化会议 洲液流电池标准制定 入选国际电器工业协会（IEC） 入选国际电器工业协会（IEC ）TC105 液流电池标准战 TC105液流电池标准战 略研究专家组，全面参与国际液流电池标准战略的制定 44
Slide 45: National and industry standards for flow batteries
领军液流电池技术相关国家标准和行业标准制定 国家标准：2件 行业标准：2件 行业标准 件 已颁布实施 标准名称 类型 标准号/ 标准号 /计划号 状态 1 全钒液流电池 术语 国标 20111001--T-604 20111001 报批 2 全钒液流电池通用技术条件 国标 20111001- 20111001-T-XXX 形成讨论稿 3 全钒液流电池用电解液 测试方法 行标 NB/T 42006- 42006-2013 颁布实施 4 全钒液流电池用双极板 测试方法 行标 NB/T 42007 42007--2013 颁布实施 45
Slide 46: Participation in European flow battery standardization
全面参与欧洲液流电池标准化工作 应欧洲标准化组织CEN&CENELEC邀请，参加欧 应欧洲标准化组织CEN&CENELEC邀请 参加欧 洲液流 电池标准化5个工作组中的3个，其中为第3工作组的牵头 单位。 欧洲标准化组织CENELEC会议邀 请通知 46
Slide 47: Promoting international flow battery standards, IEC subcommittee
积极推进国际液流电池标准制定 参与完成首个液流电池标准国际指导文件。 （Flow batteries - Guidance on the specification, installation and operation ） 作为组织者推进设立 IEC液流电池标准分技术委员会。 IEC液流电池标准分技术委员会 Study on the Development of International Standards 代表中国向IEC提出成立液流电池 in the Field of Flow Battery Systems 液流电池标准战略研究报告框架 分标委提案，已提交到 IEC/TC105
Slide 48: Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments Many thanks to MOST , CAS , NSF and DICP pp . for the financial support The ministry of Science and Technology of PRC (MOST) Chinese Academy of Science (ACS) National Natural Science D li Institute Dalian I tit t off Ch Chemical i l Ph Physics i Foundation of China (NSF) (DICP)
Slide 49: Thank you for your attention
zhanghm@dicp.ac.cn Airscape of DICP Th k you for Thank f your attention. tt ti Airscape of RKP
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