Slide 1: Future of 5G
@qualcomm_tech February 2020 Future of 5G Building a unified, more capable 5G air interface for the next decade and beyond
Slide 2: Mobile has made a leap every ~10 years
Mobile has made a leap every ~10 years Mobile voice Efficient voice to Focus shifts Mobile broadband and A unified future-proof communication reach billions to mobile data emerging expansion platform 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Analog voice Digital voice Wireless Internet Mobile broadband Wireless
Slide 3: Delivering on the 5G vision
Delivering on the 5G vision Where virtually everyone and everything is intelligently connected 3
Slide 4: 5G NR is a unified, more capable air interface
5G NR is a unified, more capable air interface Enhanced mobile broadband High-bands Above 24 GHz (mmWave) Mid-bands 5G 1 GHz to 6 GHz NR Mission-critical Massive Internet Low-bands services of Things Below 1 GHz Licensed/shared/unlicensed Diverse services Diverse spectrum Diverse deployments 10x 10x
Slide 5: 5G will address the insatiable demand for mobile broadband
5G will address the insatiable demand for mobile broadband Over 60x growth in mobile data traffic from 2013 to 2024 ~131B Gigabytes Monthly global mobile data traffic in 2024 In 2024, ~75% of mobile data traffic from multi-media creation & consumption In 2024, 25% of mobile data traffic will be carr
Slide 6: 5G is essential for next generation mobile experiences
Mobilizing media Rich user-generated Congested High-speed and entertainment content environments mobility Connected cloud Immersive Connected Augmented computing experiences vehicle reality 5G is essential for next • • Fiber-like data speeds Low latency for real-time interactivity generation mobile
Slide 7: 5G will expand the mobile ecosystem to new industries
Enabler to the factory Safer, autonomous Reliable access Precision of the future transportation to remote healthcare agriculture Efficient use of Private networks for logistics, Sustainable smart cities Digitized logistics energy and utilities enterprises, industrial,… and infrastructure and retail
Slide 8: Driving the 5G expansion
Driving the 5G expansion Continue expansion to new verticals, Delivering on deployments, use cases, spectrum Future-proof the 5G vision platform Rel-18+ evolution Rel-171 Rel-161 Rel-15 Rel-15 commercialization Rel-16 commercialization Rel-17 commercialization NR LTE essential part of the 5G platfor
Slide 9: Comparison of Year 1 announcements
Germany Finland United Kingdom China Ireland Russia (soon) Japan (soon) Switzerland Romania Spain North America Monaco South Korea Italy Bahrain Kuwait Qatar Philippines Sub-6 United Arab Emirates South Africa Saudi Arabia Sub-6 + mmWave Australia Comparison of Year 1 4 Operators launched 40+ Operat
Slide 10: 5G devices launched or in development
5G smartphones Lenovo LG Motorola Nubia OnePlus OPPO Samsung Samsung Z6 Pro 5G V50 ThinQ moto z4/z3 Mini 5G 7 Pro 5G Reno 5G Galaxy Galaxy Fold 5G + 5G moto mod S10 5G 230+ Samsung Samsung Vivo Vivo Xiaomi Xiaomi Xiaomi ZTE 5G devices launched or in development Galaxy A90 5G iQOO NEX 3 5G Mi MIX 5G
Slide 11: Our LTE advancements are essential to 5G
Our LTE advancements are essential to 5G Providing ubiquitous coverage and essential services that complement 5G NR Drone communications Public safety / Existing LTE New 5G NR mmWave Emergency deployments nx10 Gigabit 5G services New 5G NR Sub-6 GHz, Private LTE and LTE coverage networks Digital bro
Slide 12: 5G NR design and technologies
5G NR design and technologies 3GPP Release-15 12
Slide 13: Our technology inventions drove 5G Rel-15 specifications
Our technology inventions drove 5G Rel-15 specifications Flexible slot-based Scalable OFDM-based Advanced Massive Mobile framework air interface channel coding MIMO mmWave Scalable OFDM Self-contained Multi-Edge LDPC and Reciprocity-based Beamforming numerology slot structure CRC-Aided Polar MU-MIMO
Slide 14: Scalable OFDM-based 5G NR air interface
Scalable OFDM-based 5G NR air interface Scalable Frequency Lower power Asynchronous numerology localization consumption multiple access Frequency 2n scaling of sub- Windowing1 can Single-carrier2 Can co-exist carrier spacing effectively minimize OFDM utilized for with optimized Time to efficiently s
Slide 15: Scalable 5G NR OFDM numerology—examples
Scalable 5G NR OFDM numerology—examples Sub-Carrier spacing, e.g. 15 kHz 2n scaling of Sub-Carrier Outdoor macro coverage Spacing (SCS) e.g., FDD 700 MHz Carrier bandwidth, e.g. 1, 5,10 and 20 MHz Sub-Carrier spacing, e.g. 30 kHz Outdoor macro and small cell e.g., TDD 3-5 GHz Carrier bandwidth, e.g.
Slide 16: Global snapshot of allocated/targeted 5G spectrum
<1GHz 3GHz 4GHz 5GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz >95GHz 24.25-24.45GHz 37-37.6GHz 2.5/2.6GHz 3.45- 3.55- 3.7- 24.75-25.25GHz 37.6-40GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) (B41/n41) 3.55GHz 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 64-71GHz >95GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 37-37.6GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 3.55-3.7 GHz 27.5-28.
Slide 17: Expanding 5G with the flexible slot-based framework
Expanding 5G with the flexible slot-based framework Efficiently multiplex envisioned and future 5G services on the same frequency Scalable slot duration Broadcast/ Cellular V2X — network Integrated access & Unknown service Forward compatibility Massive IoT Efficient multiplexing of diverse enTV (Rel
Slide 18: Scalable 5G NR slot duration for diverse latency/QoS
Scalable 5G NR slot duration for diverse latency/QoS 1ms subframe aligned with LTE CP-OFDM Symbol Subframe 15 kHz SCS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 500 µs 30 kHz SCS Slot Mini-Slot 250 µs 60 kHz SCS Slot 125 µs 120 kHz SCS Slot 14 OFDM symbols per slot with Supports slot Efficient multiplexing of
Slide 19: Flexible 5G NR slot structures — Examples
Flexible 5G NR slot structures — Examples Slot-based scheduling/control interval DL UL TDD Self-Contained DL DL Data Guard Ctrl Ctrl Opportunity for UL/DL scheduling, DL UL data and ACK/SRS in the same slot UL Guard UL Data Ctrl Ctrl DL Data-centric DL DL Data Ctrl More relaxed TDD timing UL configu
Slide 20: Benefits of the 5G NR TDD self-contained slot
Benefits of the 5G NR TDD self-contained slot Much faster, more flexible TDD switching and turn-around than 4G LTE Flexibility for additional headers More adaptive UL/DL E.g., channel reservation header for Faster TDD switching allows for more unlicensed/shared spectrum flexible capacity allocation
Slide 21: 5G NR TDD self-contained slot structure in action
5G NR TDD self-contained slot structure in action DL Ctrl DL Data UL Ctrl Three examples showcasing faster TDD switching for low latency UL Data Slot 0: 500 µs Slot 1: 500 µs Slot 2: 500 µs Slot 3: 500 µs 1 2 Slot 0: 125 µs Slot 1: 125 µs Slot 2: 125 µs Slot 3: 125 µs Slot 4: 125 µs Slot 5: 125 µs S
Slide 22: 5G NR flexible FDD slot structure
5G NR flexible FDD slot structure Delivering low latency, extended coverage, and forward compatibility FDD baseline for continuous transmission and extended coverage DL FDD full DL Slot DL Data Ctrl UL Ctrl UL FDD full UL Slot UL Data Ctrl FDD partial slot for faster DL/UL turn-around and efficient
Slide 23: Advanced ME-LDPC channel coding is more efficient than LTE Turbo code
Advanced ME-LDPC1 channel coding is more efficient than LTE Turbo code at higher data rates Normalized throughput (for given clock rate) 6 High efficiency Significant gains over LTE Turbo—particularly 5 for large block sizes suitable for MBB 4 LDPC Low complexity 3 Easily parallelizable decoder scal
Slide 24: Performance gains of CRC-Aided Polar channel coding
Performance gains of CRC-Aided Polar channel coding led to its adoption across many 5G NR control use cases 5G NR CRC-Aided (CA-Polar) design Link-level gains of 5G NR CA-Polar design Efficient construction based on single Cyclic Redundancy Versus PC-Polar1 (lower is better) Check (CRC) for joint de
Slide 25: 5G NR optimized design for massive MIMO
5G NR optimized design for massive MIMO Key enabler for using higher spectrum bands, e.g. 4 GHz, with existing LTE sites Exploit 3D beamforming with up to 256 antenna elements Accurate and timely channel knowledge essential to Mitigate UL coverage realizing full benefits with 5G NR massive MIMO + HP
Slide 26: 5G NR optimized design for TDD reciprocity procedures
5G NR optimized design for TDD reciprocity procedures 5G NR slot structure and enhanced Ref Signals enable fast/accurate feedback Step 1: UL SRS1 → Step 3: Precoding decision → Precoding + CQI → DL Precoded CSI-RS2 Final scheduling decision SRS + PUCCH SRS + PUCCH SRS + PUCCH Asynchronous DL CTRL CS
Slide 27: 5G NR massive MIMO increases coverage & capacity
5G NR massive MIMO increases coverage & capacity Faster, more uniform data rates throughout cell 195 Mbps 3.8x 5G NR Massive MIMO 79 Mbps 52 Mbps 2.9x 5G NR Massive 27 Mbps 4x4 MIMO MIMO 4x4 MIMO Median Burst Rate Cell-edge Burst Rate Assumptions: carrier frequency 4GHz; 200m ISD, 200MHz total bandw
Slide 28: Industry-first simulation of real world performance (Frankfurt)
Frankfurt Simulation 5G NR Sub-6 GHz Non-standalone (NSA) Industry-first simulation of real world performance reveals immense 5G user experience gains over 4G 493 Mbps 8.8x 9.2x 184 Mbps 102 Mbps 56 Mbps 20 Mbps 39 Mbps 4G device 4G device Cat 205G LTE device 4G device 4G device 5G device in 4G afte
Slide 29: Industry-first simulation of 5G NR Standalone network
Tokyo Simulation 5G NR Sub-6 GHz Standalone (SA) Industry-first simulation of 5G NR Standalone network DL median burst rate DL cell-edge burst rate 3.7x 332 Mbps 3.8x 171 Mbps 88 Mbps 102 Mbps 45 Mbps 51 Mbps 4G device 4G device Cat 205G LTE device 4G device 4G device 5G device in 4G after 5G is in
Slide 30: Significant 5G NR 3.5 GHz outdoor & indoor coverage via co-siting
3.5 GHz 99% 99% 98% Downlink Coverage % 70% 67% Co-siting with LTE 45% Outdoor Indoor Outdoor Indoor Outdoor Indoor Korea City 1 Japan City 1 Europe City 1 Site density (per km2) 41 28 20 Assuming minimum spectral efficiency of 0.3 bps/Hz over 100 MHz = ~30 Mbps at cell edge; With LTE, outdoor/indoo
Slide 31: New frontier of mobile broadband — mobilizing mmWave
New frontier of mobile broadband — mobilizing mmWave Vast amount of bandwidth that is ~25x more than what’s being used for 3G/4G today Sub-6 GHz Millimeter wave (mmWave) (e.g., 3.5 GHz) (e.g., 24.25-27.5 GHz, 27.5-29.5 GHz) 6 GHz 24 GHz 100 GHz Multi-Gbps data rates Much more capacity Lower latency
Slide 32: 5G NR mmWave will support new and enhanced mobile experiences
Rich media and entertainment for outdoor — augmenting lower bands More indoor capacity as outdoor mmWave offloads outdoor lower bands 5G NR mmWave will support new and enhanced mobile experiences Massive bandwidth for Virtually lag-less experiences Dense indoor & outdoor • Fiber-like data speeds clo
Slide 33: We are overcoming the mobile mmWave challenge
We are overcoming the mobile mmWave challenge Proving the skeptics wrong about mmWave can never be used for mobile Limited coverage and too costly Significant coverage with co-siting Significant path loss means coverage limited to just a Analog beamforming w/ narrow beam width to overcome path few h
Slide 34: Many milestones to mobilize 5G NR mmWave
Many milestones to mobilize 5G NR mmWave 1990+ Oct. 2016 Mar. 2017 Sep. 2017 Dec. 2017 Jul. 2018 Oct. 2018 Feb. 2019 1H19+ Introduced world’s first Led way forward on Announced our second Commercial 5G NR Many years of foundational announced 5G modem, the accelerated 5G NR eMBB Showcased 5G NR mmWav
Slide 35: Mobilizing mmWave with 5G NR technologies
Mobilizing mmWave with 5G NR technologies Deploying a dense mmWave network with spatial reuse — ~150 – 200m ISD Device antenna diversity and dual connectivity Directional antennas with adaptable 3D beamforming and beam tracking Multipath signal propagation with reflections Tight integration with sub
Slide 36: Advanced 5G Simulations
Empowering the 5G ecosystem Collaborating with global operators Advanced 5G to demonstrate significant 5G NR mmWave capacity & coverage Simulations Example: San Francisco for network planning based on our extensive over-the-air testing and channel measurements 62% 5x 320 Mbps 1.4 Gbps Outdoor Increa
Slide 37: Showcasing enhanced mobile mmWave user experiences
Showcasing enhanced Advanced Network Simulations mobile mmWave user Deploying 28 GHz 5G NR mobile mmWave at Mobile World Congress venue experiences Ubiquitous Virtually Multi-Gbps More coverage via unlimited speed & low uniform user co-siting capacity latency experience For a wide range of mobile de
Slide 38: Significant 5G NR mmWave outdoor coverage via co-siting
26 / 28 GHz 39 GHz Downlink 75% 76% 72% 69% Uplink 64% 62% 62% 65% 57% Coverage % 46% 52% 53% 52% 40% 41% 41% Co-siting with LTE 33% 30% Median Downlink 2.2 Gbps 1.5 Gbps 2.7 Gbps 2.4 Gbps 2.7 Gbps 2.0 Gbps 2.2 Gbps 1.5 Gbps 1.2 Gbps Burst Rate (Gbps) US City 1 US City 2 Korean City 1 Hong Kong Japa
Slide 39: Spectrum aggregation essential to 5G NR deployments
Spectrum aggregation essential to 5G NR deployments Dual Connectivity across LTE and NR Fully leveraging LTE investments and coverage, including NSA operation for early 5G NR deployments CA across spectrum bands E.g., tight CA between 5G NR mmWave and sub-6 GHz to address mmWave coverage gaps CA acr
Slide 40: Dual connectivity to fully utilize LTE investments
Dual connectivity to fully utilize LTE investments Gigabit LTE provides the coverage foundation for 5G eMBB Existing deployments 5G augmented deployments Gigabit LTE, VoLTE Gigabit LTE, VoLTE 5G NR below 10 GHz 5G NR mmWave 5G NR above 10 GHz Ubiquitous LTE coverage Virtually seamless mobility 5G NR
Slide 41: 5G NR FDD/TDD CA to support mid-band deployments
5G NR FDD/TDD CA to support mid-band deployments Low-band FDD can help increase 5G NR TDD UL data rate/range1 5G NR mmWave DL UL DL UL e.g., TDD 28 GHz Non-Standalone (NSA) Low-band LTE or NR UL can help increase UL data rate/range NR DL LTE DL NR DL UL 5G NR mid-band DL UL NR UL LTE UL e.g., TDD 3-
Slide 42: Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) in 3GPP Release
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) in 3GPP Release 15 For supporting 5G NR in lower FDD bands for NSA and SA deployments LTE RAN 5G NR RAN Legacy LTE device 5G NR device Time/frequency division multiplexing Frequency LTE 5G NR ▪ LTE controlled sharing — 5G NR to avoid resources used by LTE (e.g., LTE CR
Slide 43: Accelerated 5G to 2019 with non-standalone mode
Accelerated 5G to 2019 with non-standalone mode 5G NR Dual connectivity LTE EPC NSA LTE UE Higher band 5G Lower band LTE
Slide 44: Expand coverage with lower bands
Expand coverage with lower bands Expand 5G coverage • Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) • 5G FDD in low bands Higher band 5G NR Lower band LTE + 5G NR1 LTE EPC Frequency NSA LTE 5G 5G NR UE UE Time 100ms 100ms 100ms Higher band 5G Lower band FDD Lower 5G/4G LTEband
Slide 45: Direct migration to standalone core network with DSS
Direct migration to standalone core network with DSS Higher band 5G NR Lower band LTE + 5G NR1 LTE SA 5G UE UE 5G core Higher band 5G Lower 5G/4G FDD band network Option 2 to introduce 5G core services like QoS, security, slicing
Slide 46: Increase 5G performance with carrier aggregation
Increase 5G performance with carrier aggregation Aggregated Extends high band usable performance coverage to downlink limit1 Higher band 5G NR Lower band LTE + 5G NR SA 5G UE UE 5G core High/mid 5G band TDD UL1 TDD DL Extended coverage with DSS and FDD low bands network Standalone option 2
Slide 47: Non-Standalone stepping stone to new core; Standalone for new core benefits
Non-Standalone (NSA) Standalone (SA) for stepping stone to new core new core benefits 4G Evolved New 5G Next Packet Core Gen Core 4G Radio 5G mmWave NR 5G sub-6GHz 5G mmWave Network and/or sub-6GHz Data + control Data only Data and control over 4G LTE link over 5G NR link over 5G NR link Dual connec
Slide 48: 5G next Gen Core (NGC) also part of 3GPP Rel-15
5G next Gen Core (NGC) also part of 3GPP Rel-15 Increased flexibility through NFV and SDN — essential to 5G NR expansion Configurable end-to-end Mobile broadband connectivity per vertical Modular, specialized network 5G Mission-critical control functions per service Flexible subscription models Inte
Slide 49: Making 5G NR a commercial reality
Making 5G NR a commercial reality Qualcomm, leading the world to 5G 49
Slide 50: Our system-level inventions fuel the mobile industry
Our system-level >$ 60B In research and * inventions fuel the development mobile industry *Cumulative expenditures to date since 1985. Taking significant risks to start early with an end-to-end design 50
Slide 51: Foundation to 5G leadership is technology leadership
Foundation to 5G leadership is technology leadership Early R&D and technology inventions essential to leading ecosystem forward Invention Proof-of-concept Invent new technologies and Deliver end-to-end prototypes and e2e system architecture impactful demonstrations Vision Identify a problem or need;
Slide 52: We have led the evolution and expansion of LTE
We have led the evolution and expansion of LTE Delivering fundamental systems-level inventions that are essential to 5G OFDMA, Handover Fast link Hybrid SC- FDMA procedure adaptation ARQ Carrier aggregation Leading in 5G requires VoLTE LTE in Unlicensed MulteFire 4G LTE (FDD, TDD, FDD+TDD) (LAA/eLAA
Slide 53: Cutting-edge 5G NR mobile prototype systems
Cutting-edge 5G NR mobile prototype systems Sub-6 GHz and mmWave 5G NR Baseband 5G NR UE 5G NR gNodeB Flexibly designed to track and drive RFFE in mobile form-factors Enable early system-level testing 3GPP standardization in Rel-15+ to mimic real-world performance and demonstrations • World’s first
Slide 54: World's first 5G NR milestones led by Qualcomm
World’s first 5G NR milestones led by Qualcomm 2H-2018 December 2017 MWC 2018 MWC 2017 Rel-15 5G NR trials based on Snapdragon X50 modem chipset and QTM052 antenna modules Demonstrated NLOS van mobility with beam steering & switching World’s first interoperable 5G Interoperable 5G NR sub-6 GHz & acr
Slide 55: Commercializing mmWave in a smartphone form factor
Commercializing mmWave in a smartphone form factor 9.5 mm 160 mm 73.8 mm mmWave (60 GHz) Qualcomm® Qualcomm® 5G NR mmWave viability in handset 5G NR mmWave 5G NR mobile Qualcomm® form factor prototype test device Reference Design 11ad in Asus Zenfone 4 Pro Qualcomm Reference Design and Qualcomm Snap
Slide 56: Qualcomm Snapdragon 5G Modem family
Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 5G Modem family World’s first announced 5G NR multimode modems 5G NR standards compliant Sub-6 + mmWave Premium-tier smartphones in 2019 Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. 56
Slide 57: World's first 5G NR modem-RF system
Multi-Gigabit over 5G NR Interoperability and Providing Qualcomm Reference mmWave on working field trials using form factor Design to accelerate Snapdragon X50 silicon mobile test device commercial devices First 5G NR First 5G NR mmWave Sub 6 GHz over-the-air over-the-air data call, with data call,
Slide 58: Milestones achieved in 2019
Milestones achieved in 2019 Feb 2019 Feb 2019 May 2019 July 2019 Sept 2019 Built an end-to-end 5G NR Introduced industry’s first Qualcomm and Introduced end-to-end over- Successful 5G data massive MIMO over-the-air mobile platform with Lenovo unveil world’s the-air 5G mmWave test connection in test
Slide 59: Global operators and OEMs using Qualcomm Snapdragon X50
Global operators and OEMs using Qualcomm® Vodafone Group Snapdragon™ X50 5G NR modem family for mobile 5G NR trials and devices Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries.
Slide 60: Qualcomm QTM052 5G mmWave antenna module
Qualcomm QTM052 ® 5G mmWave antenna module Rapid miniaturization of mmWave modules to bring 5G smartphones to the World in 2019 July 2018 October 2018 Qualcomm® 5G NR reference design (partially assembled state) Qualcomm QTM052 is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. Qua
Slide 61: Driving 5G NR evolution and expansion
Driving 5G NR evolution and expansion 3GPP Release-16 and beyond 61
Slide 62: Driving the 5G expansion
Rel.15 eMBB expansion Industrial IoT Private networks with eURLLC Laptops Automotive 5G NR C-V2X, 5G massive IoT smart transportation Driving the 5G 5G broadcast expansion Future verticals, services, devices Our technology inventions drove the 5G foundation mmWave evolution, Shared / indoor, enterpr
Slide 63: 5G is the foundation to what's next. We are the foundation to 5G.
Making 5G NR a commercial reality for 2019 eMBB deployments 5G is the foundation to what’s next. Driving the expansion of 5G NR ecosystem We are the foundation to 5G. and opportunity Learn more at www.qualcomm.com / 5G 63
Slide 64: Questions?
www.qualcomm.com/wireless www.qualcomm.com/news/onq BLOG @qualcomm_tech Questions? http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8A Connect with Us D95E4F585237C1&feature=plcp http://www.slideshare.net/qualcommwirelessevolution 64
Slide 65: Thank you!
Thank you! Follow us on: For more information, visit us at: www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog Nothing in these materials is an offer to sell any of the References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm components or devices referenced herein. Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies,