Focus Graphite Inc. · TSXV:FMS

Focus Graphite — 33rd International Battery Seminar and Exhibition 2016

28 slides from Focus Graphite's conference presentation, Mar 21, 2016

  1. Slide 1: Long Term Cycling Performance and Conductivity Enhancement Characteristics of Lac Knife Flake Graphite

    LONG TERM CYCLING PERFORMANCE AND CONDUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF LAC KNIFE FLAKE GRAPHITE FROM QUEBEC, CANADA 33rd Interna*onal Ba.ery Seminar and Exhibi*on Fort Lauderdale, Florida - March 21 to 24, 2016 Dr. Joseph E. Doninger, Director of Manufacturing and Technology Gary Economo, Pre

  2. Slide 2: Outline

    OUTLINE Review Key Results from 2015 Ba7ery Seminar Performance of Lac Knife Flake Graphite and SyntheCc Graphite in Lithium Ion Cells Long Term Cycling Performance of Lac Knife Graphite ProducCon of Expanded Lac Knife Graphite ResisCvity of Lac Knife Flake Graphite and SyntheCc Graphite in Cathode

  3. Slide 3: Review Key Results from 2015 Battery Seminar

    REVIEW KEY RESULTS FROM 2015 BATTERY SEMINAR Flota*on Concentrate Lac Knife Graphite Concentrate aOer Polishing aOer Purifica*on 96% Cg 98.3% Cg 99.98%+ Cg

  4. Slide 4: Cross Section of CR2016 Coin Cell

    Fig. 1 CROSS SECTION OF CR2016 COIN CELL • Reversible capacity and irreversible capacity were determined at C/20 cycling rate. • Electrolyte: 1 M LiPF6 in FEC/EMC (30:70wt%) + SEI Enhancing AddiCve.

  5. Slide 5: Initial Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge Curves: Standard Grade

    Fig. 2 INITIAL GALVANOSTATIC CHARGE-DISCHARGE CURVES STANDARD GRADE (D50=24μ)

  6. Slide 6: Initial Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge Curves: Fine Grade

    Fig. 3 INITIAL GALVANOSTATIC CHARGE-DISCHARGE CURVES FINE GRADE (D50= 17μ)

  7. Slide 7: Long Term Cycling Performance of Purified Lac Knife Graphite

    Fig. 4 LONG TERM CYCLING PERFORMANCE OF PURIFIED LAC KNIFE GRAPHITE COMPARED WITH COMMERCIAL GRADE OF COATED SPHERICAL GRAPHITE. 400 356 mAh/g 300 Reversible Capacity, mAh/g 314 mAh/g 200 Purified Lac Knife Flake Graphite -200 mesh 100 Purified Lac Knife Flake Graphite +80 mesh Commercial Purified Sphe

  8. Slide 8: Performance of Lac Knife Flake Graphite and Synthetic Graphite in Li Ion Coin Cells

    PERFORMANCE OF LAC KNIFE FLAKE GRAPHITE AND SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE IN Li ION COIN CELLS Coated Lac Knife Commercial Grade of Spherical Graphite SyntheCc Graphite

  9. Slide 9: Performance of Lac Knife Flake Graphite Compared with Synthetic Graphite

    Table 1 PERFORMANCE OF LAC KNIFE FLAKE GRAPHITE COMPARED WITH SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE IN Li ION CELLS

  10. Slide 10: Initial Charge-Discharge Curves for Lac Knife vs Synthetic Graphite

    Fig. 5 INITIAL CHARGE-DISCHARGE CURVES FOR LAC KNIFE FLAKE GRAPHITE COMPARED WITH SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE

  11. Slide 11: Long Term Cycling Performance of Lac Knife Graphite

    LONG TERM CYCLING PERFORMANCE OF LAC KNIFE GRAPHITE FormaCon of a Graphite Sphere Spherical Graphite

  12. Slide 12: Long Term Cycling of Uncoated and Carbon Coated Lac Knife Spherical Graphite

    Fig. 6 LONG TERM CYCLING PERFORMANCE OF UNCOATED AND CARBON COATED LAC KNIFE SPHERICAL GRAPHITE

  13. Slide 13: Long Term Cycling of Lac Knife Graphite vs Two Commercial Grades

    Fig. 7 LONG TERM CYCLING PERFORMANCE OF LAC KNIFE GRAPHITE COMPARED WITH TWO COMMERCIAL Li ION GRADES OF FLAKE GRAPHITE 400 Approx. 0% loss Reversible Capacity, Ah/kg 300 6.4% 4.4% loss loss Speronized Coated Standard Grade of Purified Lac Knife Graphite (Focus Graphite, Inc.) 200 Commercial Lithium

  14. Slide 14: Long Term Cycling Performance of Ultra Fine Grades of Uncoated Lac Knife Graphite

    Fig. 8 LONG TERM CYCLING PERFORMANCE OF ULTRA FINE GRADES OF UNCOATED LAC KNIFE GRAPHITE 400 344 mAh/g Reversible Capacity, mAh/g 300 330 mAh/g 200 Lac Knife SPG, D50 = 18 to 22μ Lac Knife SPG, D50 = 12 to 14μ 100 Lac Knife SPG, D50 = 10 to 11μ Lac Knife SPG, D50 = 5 to 8μ 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Cycle N

  15. Slide 15: Dependence of Graphite Anode Performance on Electrode Density

    Fig. 9 DEPENDANCE OF GRAPHITE ANODE PERFORMANCE ON ELECTRODE DENSITY For best performance the density of electrode a`er calendaring should be in the range of 0.8 to 1.0 g/cm3 for electric vehicles. Data reference: Joongpyo Shim and Kathryn A. Striebel. Effect of electrode density on cycle performance

  16. Slide 16: Production of Expanded Lac Knife Graphite

    PRODUCTION OF EXPANDED LAC KNIFE GRAPHITE Purified Graphite Expanded Graphite

  17. Slide 17: Production of Expanded Lac Knife Graphite

    PRODUCTION OF EXPANDED LAC KNIFE GRAPHITE IntercalaCon (acids, room temp) Natural Flake Graphite Precursor Intercalated Natural Flake Graphite ExfoliaCon 850-950°C in Air “Expanded” Natural Flake Graphite “worm”

  18. Slide 18: Appearance of Expanded Product

    APPEARANCE OF EXPANDED PRODUCT Expansion volume of >250 ml/g achieved

  19. Slide 19: SEMs of Expanded Worms

    SEMs OF EXPANDED “WORMS” Flakes are thin enough to be defined as nano-materials. Thin-sheet morphology is key to increased electrical conductivity in battery electrode matrixes.

  20. Slide 20: Resistivity of Lac Knife Flake Graphite and Synthetic Graphite in Cathode Matrixes

    RESISTIVITY OF LAC KNIFE FLAKE GRAPHITE AND SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE IN CATHODE MATRIXES OF Li ION AND ALKALINE BATTERIES Expanded Graphite Delaminated Graphite

  21. Slide 21: Modified ASTM C 611 Test Method Used to Determine Resistivity

    MODIFIED ASTM C 611 TEST METHOD USED TO DETERMINE RESISTIVITY

  22. Slide 22: Scope of Resistivity Study

    SCOPE OF RESISTIVITY STUDY Ba.ery Formula*ons Tested LiNiMnCoO2 & LiFePO4 (Lithium Ion Ba.eries) Zn/MnO2 (Alkaline Ba.eries) Graphites Evaluated Flake Graphite • Lac Knife Expanded Grade, D50 = 15.8 μ and D50 = 21 μ • Commercial Expanded Grade, D50 = 9.5 μ • Commercial Flake Graphite D50 = 6 μ and D

  23. Slide 23: Resistivities Li Ion Cathode Matrix: LiNiMnCoO2

    Fig. 10 RESISTIVITIES Li ION CATHODE MATRIX: LiNiMnCoO2 Premium Quality Synthetic Graphite, D50 = 3.5 μ Focus’ Lac Knife Expanded Graphite, D50 = 15.8 μ Commercial Flake Graphite, D50 = 6 μ Lowest ResisCvity/Highest ConducCvity

  24. Slide 24: Resistivities in Li Ion Cathode Matrix: LiFePO4

    Fig. 11 RESISTIVITIES IN Li ION CATHODE MATRIX: LiFePO4 Premium Quality Synthetic Graphite, D50= 3.5 μ Focus’ Lac Knife Expanded Graphite, D50 = 15.8 μ Commercial Grade Flake Graphite, D50= 6 μ

  25. Slide 25: Resistivity in Alkaline Cathode Matrix: MnO2

    Fig. 12 RESISTIVITY IN ALKALINE CATHODE MATRIX: MnO2 6 Commercial Grade of Purified Flake Graphite, D50 = 9.5 μ Focus’ Lac Knife Purified Expanded Graphite, D50 = 15.8 μ ResisCvity (ohm-inch) 4 Focus’ Lac Knife Purified Expanded Graphite, D50 = 21 μ Commercial Grade of Purified SyntheCc Graphite, D50 =

  26. Slide 26: Advantages of Using Lac Knife Graphite in Batteries

    ADVANTAGES OF USING LAC KNIFE GRAPHITE IN BATTERIES Key Proper*es: End User Advantages: • Near TheoreCcal • Higher Capacity Reversible Capacity • Low Irreversible • Increased Power Capacity Loss • Reduced Capacity Fade • Longer Ba7ery Life during Long-term Cycling • High Electrical ConducCvity • Inc

  27. Slide 27: Disclaimer

    DISCLAIMER This presentaCon contains “forward-looking informaCon” within the meaning of Canadian securiCes legislaCon. All informaCon contained herein that is not clearly historical in nature may consCtute forward-looking informaCon. Generally, such forward- looking informaCon can be idenCfied by the

  28. Slide 28: Thank You

    THANK YOU Dr. Joseph E. Doninger PhD, MSc, BSc. Director of Manufacturing and Technology T +1 (224) 436-4835 E jdoninger@focusgraphite.com Focus Graphite Inc. 130 Albert Street Suite 912 O7awa, Ontario K1P 5G4 CANADA T +1 (613) 241-4040 E info@focusgraphite.com W www.focusgraphite.com

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