Tennessee Valley Authority · NYSE:TVC
Tennessee Valley Authority — Technical Presentation (2010)
24 slides from Tennessee Valley Authority's technical presentation, 2010
Slide 1: An integrated health assessment of fish populations exposed to fly ash releases at the TVA Kingston facility
An integrated health assessment of fish populations exposed to fly ash releases at the TVA Kingston facility S. Marshall Adams and Mark S. Greeley Oak Ridge National Laboratory Tyler F. Baker Tennessee Valley Authority
Slide 2: Objectives of Fish Health Studies
Objectives of Fish Health Studies • Determine if fly ash exposure is causing short and/or long- term health effects on representative (sentinel) fish populations • Assess potential causal relationships between levels of metals in fish tissue and various indicators of fish health
Slide 3: Ash Spill, Emory River, Tennessee River
Tennessee River > Ash Spill 2 ; . Emory River
Slide 4: Fly ash spilled into river
Ash Ash Ash Fly ash spilled Into river Ash in river
Slide 5: Fly Ash Spill: Exposure of Fish to Metals
Fly Ash Spill Exposure of Fish to Metals Focus on sentinel species (different trophic levels and home ranges) - sunfish - catfish - bass - crappie Bioaccumulation Assess Effects Analysis of 25 metals + Hg and Causality Fish Health Whole Muscle Liver Ovary Physio- Repro- Histo- Bio- fish logical duct
Slide 6: Sampling sites along the river
ERM 8 (Ref) Little Emory (Ref) ERM 3 Ash CRM 25.0 (ref) spill CR M ERM 0.9 CRM 8 7 CRM 1.5
Slide 7: Sentinel species for assessing effects of contaminants on fish health
Sentinel species for assessing effects of contaminants of fish health Bluegill - mid trophic level/omnivore - restricted home range Largemouth bass - upper trophic level/predator - intermediate home range Channel catfish - bottom feeder/omnivore - large home range
Slide 8: Measures of Fish Health
Measures of Fish Health Physiological Spring and Fall Red = short-term and sensitive indicators Indicators of: Blue = longer term and more ecologically-relevant indicators - organ dysfunction - electrolyte homeostasis - carbohydrate metabolism - protein metabolism Early warning, sensitivity, specifi
Slide 9: Individual health responses of Bluegill
Individual health responses of Bluegill 40 3 Organ Dysfunction ALT- liver function * BUN -gill function 2.5 Urea nitrogen (mg/dl) 30 ALT (IU) 2 20 1.5 10 1 Ash Spill 40 100 Glucose Carbohydrate metabolism * * Hematocrit 35 80 & hematology Hematocrit (%) Glucose (mg/dl) 30 60 Ref Ref Ref 25 40 20 ERM
Slide 10: Individual health responses of Largemouth Bass
Individual health responses of Largemouth Bass 5 0.3 Organ Dysfunction * BUN - gill function 0.25 4 Creatinine - kidney function Urea nitrogen (mg/dl) Creatinine (mg/dl) * 0.2 3 0.15 Ref 0.1 Ref Ref 2 0.05 1 0 Ash Spill 160 45 140 Carbohydrate metabolism * * Glucose 40 Glucose (mg/dl) Hematocrit (%)
Slide 11: Individual health responses in catfish
Individual healthCatfish responses in catfish 50 3 Ref Blood urea nitro (mg/dl) OrganDysfunction Organ dysfunction ALT BUN * * 2.5 40 Ref * 2 ALT (IU) * 30 * 1.5 20 1 Ash Spill 40 160 glucose * Carbohydrate metabolism Hematocrit * Hematocrit (%) & hematology 35 Glucose (mg/dl) 140 120 30 100 25 80 2
Slide 12: Spatial relationship between contaminant exposure and histopathological response of bluegill
Spatial relationship between contaminant exposure and histopathological response of bluegill 6 16 Selenium * * 15 Composite histopath score Selenium (mg/kgDW) 5 composite histopath score * 14 4 13 Ref Ref 3 12 Ref 11 2 10 1 9 CRM 8 LERM2 ERM 8 ERM 3 ERM 0.9 CRM 1.5 Ash spill Downstream gradient
Slide 13: Relationship between contaminant exposure and histopathological response of Largemouth bass
Relationship between contaminant exposure and histopathological response of Largemouth bass 5 22 Composite histopath score Selenium (mg/kgDW) Selenium composite histopath score 20 4 18 Ref * 3 Ref Ref 16 14 2 12 1 10 CRM 8 LERM2 ERM 8 ERM 3 ERM 0.9 CRM 1.5 Ash spill Downstream gradient
Slide 14: Relationship between contaminant exposure and histopathological response of channel catfish
Relationship between contaminant exposure and histopathological response of channel catfish 3 20 Composite histopath score Selenium (mg/kgDW) Selenium composite histopath score 18 2 * * 16 * 14 Ref Ref 1 12 No 10 fish 0 8 CRM 8 LERM2 ERM 8 ERM 3 ERM 0.9 CRM 1.5 Ash spill Downstream gradient
Slide 15: Histopathological lesions in liver are diagnostic indicators of different stress responses
Histopathological lesions in liver are diagnostic indicators of different types of stress responses 100.00% 18% Other 80.00% 18% Contaminants single cell necrosis 32% 35% hemorrhagic lesions 60.00% 26% 24% glycogen deletion Bluegill 37% 40.00% parasitic lesions Parasites and parasites 20.00% Infecti
Slide 16: Integrated Health Response of Bluegill
Variables entered Order of variables selected Integrated Health Response CRM 8 condition factor of Bluegill +2 visceral-som index Iiver-somc index 6 spleno-som index 2 Glucose 3 sodium ALT 7 CRM 8 BUN ERM 0.9 +1 T bilirubin 4 Little References Ash site Hematocrit 1 Emory liver histo gill histo 5 Acc
Slide 17: Integrated Health Response of Largemouth Bass
Integrated Health Response of Largemouth Bass +2 Little CRM 8 emory CRM 8 Reference +1 ERM 8.0 ERM 3.0 Ash site CRM 1.5 Reference +1 +2 +3 below ash -3 spill -2 -1 Variables entered Order of variables selected condition factor visceral-som index Iiver-somc index 4 spleno-som index CRM 25 Glucose 1 -
Slide 18: Integrated health response of Channel Catfish
Variables entered Order of variables condition factor selected Integrated health response visceral-som index Iiver-somc index 1 +2 of Channel Catfish spleno-som index 7 Glucose sodium ALT BUN 4 ERM 0.9 Creatinine 2 CRM 25 +1 Ash site T bilirubin 5 Ref Hematocrit liver histo 6 gill histo 3 Accounts f
Slide 19: Relevance and Application of Fish Health Studies to Overall Scope of TVA Fly Ash Project
Relevance and Application of Fish Health Studies to Overall Scope of TVA Fly Ash Project
Slide 20: Ash spill and fish
fish fish fish Ash spill fish fish fish fish
Slide 21: Fly Ash Spill Sentinel species
Fly Ash Spill Exposure to fly ash - Feeding type - Home range - Habitat type - Trophic level Sentinel Wildlife Species Herps Birds Fish Small mammals Benthic macroinvertebrates Adult aquatic Aquatic insect insects Mollusks nymphs ntegration of Biological Exposure and Effects over Landscape of fly as
Slide 22: Application to aquatic food chains
Application to aquatic food chains Tree swallow Racoon Frogs Piscivorous birds Adult mayflies GB heron Osprey Mussel emergence Mayfly LM bass Shad nymph Sunfish To pe riphyt Metals, detritus, Periphyton o n periphyton Se-2 Se+4 Ash
Slide 23: Exposure to Fly Ash: effects and risk assessment
Ecological Risk Assessment Assessment of Fish Health Natural Resource Damage Assess. EFFECTS EXPOSURE Ecologically Early warning Community significant Rapid response Population fitness Sensitive Reproductive Population Response Histopath structure Time scale Physiological Years Months Immunological
Slide 24: Conclusions
Conclusions - As demonstrated by various individual bioindicators, the health of all 3 species is lower downstream of the fly ash spill than at reference areas - The integrated discriminant analysis procedure indicated that the overall health of all 3 species was poorest at a site 2 miles downstream
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