Slide 1: Specifying Gaseous Generator Sets
Specifying Gaseous Generator Sets PowerHour webinar series for consulting engineers Experts you trust. Excellence you count on. DATE11:00 PDT / 13:00 CDT (1PDH issued by Cummins)
Slide 2: Welcome!
Welcome! PowerHour is designed to help our engineer partners to… • Keep up to date on products, technology, and codes and standards development • Interact with Cummins experts and gain access to ongoing technical support • Participate at your convenience, live or on-demand • Earn Professional Develo
Slide 3: Meet your panelists
Meet your panelists Cummins presenter: Cummins facilitator: Linda Nezerwe Tom Bakritzes, Technical Specialist- Sales Application Engineer Global Sales Training Manager Cummins Inc. Cummins Inc. Your local Cummins contacts: ➢ Western Canada: Ian Lindquist (ian.Lindquist@cummins.com), Western Canada R
Slide 4: Disclaimer
Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this course shall not be considered the official position of any regulatory organization and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a Formal Interpretation. Participants are encouraged to refer to the entire text of all referenced documen
Slide 5: Course Objectives
Course Objectives Specifying Gaseous Generator Sets This course will provide of an overview of gaseous generator set capabilities in different applications. Participants will be able to recognize similarities between diesel and gaseous generator sets and describe gaseous generator sets features and
Slide 6: Diesel Fuel Vs Gaseous Fuel
Diesel Fuel Vs Gaseous Fuel ▪ Diesel Fuel is power dense • High energy content • Most commonly used in generator sets is Diesel #2 ASTM D975 ▪ Gaseous Fuel is variable • Depending on the location • Most common is Pipeline Natural Gas Energy Source Energy Content [Btu] Unit Natural Gas 950-1150 1 ft3
Slide 7: What is Gaseous Fuel?
What is Gaseous Fuel? Category Also Known As BTU Pipeline Gas, Standard Gas High Associated Petroleum Gas (APG) High Conventional Natural Gas Flare Gas, Field Gas High Associated-Dissolved Gas (ADG) High Wellhead Gas High Unconventional Coal Bed Methane (CBM) High Natural Gas Coal Mine Methane (CMM)
Slide 8: Methane Number of Various Fuels
Methane Number of Various Fuels ▪ Methane Index Number (MN) defines likelihood of a fuel to auto-ignite • Scale of 0-100 • Higher MN less likely for fuel to auto-ignite (knock) • Lower MN may require power derate and/or timing changes ▪ High quality pipeline NG 80-90 MN Spec Note Include fuel compos
Slide 9: Gaseous Generator Sets Types
Gaseous Generator Sets Types Rich Burn Lean Burn Air Fuel Ratio ~14.6 : 1 ~25 : 1 Excess Air 0.2 to 0.8% >4% (O2) Application Fast start and can accept large High efficiency but requires block loads advanced controls Emissions Aftertreatment may be required to Can often meet emissions reduce NOx and
Slide 10: Industry Standard for Generator Set Ratings
Industry Standard for Generator Set Ratings ▪ ISO 8528: Defines application, ratings and performance of generator sets. • Emergency Standby Power (ESP) • Prime Rated Power (PRP) • Limited Time Prime Power (LTP) • Continuous Operating Power (COP) • Data Center Power (DCP) ▪ Any manufacturer can go ab
Slide 11: Standby Application
Standby Application NFPA 110: Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems Level –Two levels of equipment installation, performance, and maintenance. ▪ Level 1 Emergency Power Systems for emergency lighting shall be at least Type 10, Class 1.5, Level 1 ▪ Level 2 systems shall be installed where
Slide 12: Limited Time Prime Application
Limited Time Prime Application Peak Shaving Demand Response ▪ Also referred to as peak shaving or rate curtailment Generator ▪ Applications that use on–site generation in set lieu of a utility electricity supply ▪ Some applications will request a generator set to start when asked by the utility, or
Slide 13: Exhaust Emissions
Exhaust Emissions ▪ US EPA New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Stationary requirements • “Emergency” - operation when utility power is not available • “Non-Emergency” – operation when utility power is available ▪ Local authority may mandate lower values, particularly related to non-emergency usa
Slide 14: Emissions Certification
Emissions Certification NOx / NMHC / CO / PM (g/kW-hr) (NOx+NMHC) / CO / PM (g/kW-hr) Diesel vs Gaseous Sets Emergency kW (hp) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 0-7 0-10 (7.5) / 8.0 / 0.40 8-18 11-24 (7.5) / 6.6 / 0.40 19-36 25-48 (7.5) / 5.5 / 0.30 (4.7) / 5.5 / 0.03 Emergency: Prev
Slide 15: Engine Exhaust Pollutants
Engine Exhaust Pollutants Definition Diesel Gaseous Engine Engine NOx Oxides of nitrogen ✓ ✓ HC Over 100 different types of hydrocarbons ✓ ✓ PM and SOx are not regulated for Gaseous Engines PM Anything that is trapped on or condenses onto a filter ✓ CO Carbon Monoxide ✓ ✓ SOx Oxides of Sulfur ✓ 15
Slide 16: EPA NSPS for Spark Ignited Engine Summary
EPA NSPS for Spark Ignited Engine Summary ▪ Mandatory factory certification of rich burn propane engines ▪ Optional factory certification of all natural gas engines and lean burn propane engines ▪ If not factory certified, the owner/operator must perform certain tasks: Maintenance plan Initial perfo
Slide 17: Concept Check
Concept Check What are some areas where Diesel and Gaseous generator sets have similar requirements? a) ISO 8528 standard b) NFPA 110 for Power Restoration c) EPA regulations on exhaust emissions d) All of the above 17
Slide 18: Concept Check
Concept Check What are some areas where Diesel and Gaseous generator sets have similar requirements? a) ISO 8528 standard b) NFPA 110 for Power Restoration c) EPA regulations on exhaust emissions d) All of the above 18
Slide 19: Installation Similarities
Installation Similarities ▪ Exhaust systems –mounting, insulation, expansion ▪ Foundation & isolators –mass, size, securing ▪ Starting system –batteries and charger ▪ Noise considerations–location external or in room/housing ▪ Service & maintenance access –planned maintenance ▪ Monitoring systems –r
Slide 20: Installation Differences
Installation Differences Maintenance of Diesel Fuel ▪ Fuel problems cause ~70% of diesel engine failures • Microbial growth in storage tanks contributes ~90% • Heavy-end asphaltene becomes unstable and drops out of fuel ▪ Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) – recommend additional testing and fuel treatme
Slide 21: Installation Differences
Installation Differences Maintenance of Gaseous Fuel ▪ Natural gas available through extensive pipeline network ▪ Avoid fuel transportation, handling, and storage issues ▪ No fuel tank cleaning required ▪ No fuel degradation over time ▪ Various fuels can be used 21
Slide 22: Gaseous Generators Sets Strengths
Gaseous Generators Sets Strengths ▪ Reliable power generation in emergency situations • No need to refuel where Natural Gas is available • Pipeline gas only used when needed ▪ Emissions solutions that fit your needs • Factory certification • Compliant capable ▪ High efficiency options ▪ Can cover al
Slide 23: Natural Gas as a Fuel Source
Natural Gas as a Fuel Source ▪ Natural Gas is • Reliable • Easy to maintain • Cost competitive ▪ In Florida, during Hurricane Charlie in 2004, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) reported that 50% of standby generators failed … traced to diesel fuel instability www.government-fleet.com/15709/
Slide 24: Reliability of Natural Gas
Reliability of Natural Gas NFPA 110-2016 Natural Gas Council 5.1.1 The following energy sources shall be Natural gas is a secure, reliable and resilient permitted to be used for the emergency choice for customers power supply (EPS): ▪ Operational reliability (3) Natural or synthetic gas • 2017 surve
Slide 25: Fuel Cost
Fuel Cost Price of Natural Gas- Cost effective and stable ▪ Natural gas generator set more expensive based on power density ▪ Comparable long-term costs based on maintenance & fuel (20 year) ▪ Demand Response requires T4F which driving costs, NG comparable (non-emergency) www.eia.gov/natrualgas 25
Slide 26: Common Misconceptions - Application
Common Misconceptions - Application “Gaseous generator sets do not work in Standby applications” ✓ Most rich burn generator sets are compliant to NPFA 110 Type 10 ✓ Lean burn generator sets can operate in Standby non Emergency applications Rich Burn & Diesel Lean Burn 26
Slide 27: Common Misconception- Emissions
Common Misconception- Emissions “All Gaseous generator sets can operate without aftertreatment” ✓ Some rich burn generator sets will need to have aftertreatment ✓ Most lean burn generator sets can operate without aftertreatment 27
Slide 28: Common Misconception- Transient Performance
Common Misconception- Transient Performance “All Gaseous generator sets have 250KW 750KW poor Transient Performance” Diesel RB Gas Diesel RB Gas Full Load Acceptance ✓ Full load acceptance is not a true indicator Voltage Dip of engine performance Recovery Time Frequency Dip ✓ Engine control technolo
Slide 29: Concept Check
Concept Check When both natural gas and diesel fuel are available for a project, it is best to specify which criteria for optimal generator set selection a) Transient Voltage/Frequency deviation and recovery time b) Exhaust Emissions (EPA and local as applicable) c) Generator Set Rating d) All of th
Slide 30: Concept Check
Concept Check When both natural gas and diesel fuel are available for a project, it is best to specify which criteria for optimal generator set selection a) Transient Voltage/Frequency deviation and recovery time b) Exhaust Emissions (EPA and local as applicable) c) Generator Set Rating d) All of th
Slide 31: Selection Considerations
Selection Considerations Standby Diesel Rich Lean Burn Burn Transient + + +/- Performance Typical Fuel Cost Ratio: Reliability of - + + ~ 6 : 1 (Diesel : NG) @ 1MW-hr Fuel Supply Exhaust - +/- + Emissions Fuel Cost - + + 31
Slide 32: Installation Considerations- Fuel Supply
Installation Considerations- Fuel Supply ▪ Volume and pressure must be available at RATED load, not static pressure ▪ Pressure drop ▪ Accumulator or compressor to boost pressure, if necessary ▪ Refer to the datasheet for specifics Spec Note Check the site fuel pressure and ensure that it meets the g
Slide 33: Installation Considerations- Fuel Regulation
Installation Considerations- Fuel Regulation ▪ Final stage provided on the engine ▪ Additional regulator(s) required if ‘high’ pressure supply Example 30 PSI supply to 0.5 PSI engine inlet in one step will limit engine responsiveness 33
Slide 34: Installation Considerations - Cooling
Installation Considerations - Cooling ▪ Heat produced by NG generator is typically higher ▪ 40°C (104°F) or 50°C (122°F) ambient rating • Radiator core restriction causes additional cooling reduction Spec Note Require generator set manufacturer to provide the cooling package options and recommendati
Slide 35: Installation Considerations – Sound
Installation Considerations – Sound ▪ Gaseous and diesel fueled generator sets sound different, but sound power levels may be similar • Fan noise may be higher for Natural Gas ▪ Sound attenuated enclosures available for both diesel and gaseous generator sets Full Load Position (Note 1) 8-pos Accepta
Slide 36: Concept Check
Concept Check Some of the key installation considerations of gaseous generator sets include a) Fuel supply and regulation b) Cooling c) Sound d) All of the above 36
Slide 37: Concept Check
Concept Check Some of the key installation considerations of gaseous generator sets include a) Fuel supply and regulation b) Cooling c) Sound d) All of the above 37
Slide 38: Course Summary
Course Summary Specifying Gaseous Generator Sets • Recognize the similarities and distinctions between gaseous and diesel generator sets • Describe key features and capabilities of gaseous generator sets • List some key considerations for gaseous generator sets installation Key Takeaways • Write you
Slide 39: Q&A
Q&A Type your questions, comments, feedback in the WebEx Q&A box. We will get to as many questions as we can We will publish consolidated FAQ along with presentation and webinar recording on powersuite.cummins.com Your local Cummins contacts: ➢ Western Canada: Ian Lindquist (ian.Lindquist@cummins.co
Slide 40: Closing
Closing Watch out for a follow-up email including A Link to webinar recording and presentation A PDH Certificate Visit powersuite.cummins.com for PowerHour webinar recording, presentation and FAQ archive Other Cummins Continuing Education programs Sizing and spec development tool Please contact Moha
Slide 41: 41
41 41