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T1 Energy Inc.
T1 Energy Reports First Quarter 2026 Results
Published 14h ago
19 min read

T1 Energy Reports First Quarter 2026 Results

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AUSTIN, Texas and NEW YORK, May 12, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- T1 Energy Inc. (NYSE: TE) (“T1,” “T1 Energy,” or the “Company”) today reported financial and operating results for the first quarter 2026. The Company will hold a conference call today at 8:00 am EDT.

Headlines

  • Construction proceeding on schedule at G2_Austin, timeline for completion unchanged. Construction on the first 2.1 GW phase of T1’s flagship U.S. solar cell fab, G2_Austin, is progressing according to plan. During the first quarter, long lead time capital items including the steel package were ordered while ground works and infrastructure development at the site advanced. Concrete works commenced in April 2026, and the engineering team completed design work by finalizing the full Issued for Construction package in early May. T1 expects to begin erecting the first structural steel at G2 later in May, and the Company continues to target initial cell production at G2 in Q4 2026.

  • T1 achieves record quarterly Net Income from Continuing Operations of $3.9 million and record quarterly Adjusted EBITDA of $9.1 million in Q1 2026. Following the successful ramp of production at G1_Dallas in 2025, T1 achieved record quarterly profitability during the first quarter of 2026 due to higher than forecasted G1_Dallas production and sales, along with a favorable sequential mix shift of deliveries from merchant sales to fixed margin and cost-plus offtake contracts, and lower third-party fees.

  • Capital formation is progressing through diligence. T1 has identified and is targeting a comprehensive financing solution in Q2 2026 that includes a significant debt component to fund the remaining estimated capital spending required for the 2.1 GW Phase 1 of G2_Austin. With $174.7 million of estimated net proceeds generated from the pricing of the Company’s upsized public offering of convertible senior notes in April 2026, the estimated Phase 1 financing requirement now stands at approximately $225 million.

“Our team made excellent progress during the first quarter to advance our top priorities: operate profitably at G1_Dallas, fund and build G2_Austin, and establish T1 as an integrated, homegrown U.S. solar and storage powerhouse supporting domestic energy and hyperscaler development,” said Dan Barcelo, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of T1 Energy. “As we look ahead, we are focused on hitting key construction milestones, targeting a comprehensive financing package for G2_Austin in the second quarter, building our offtake coverage through our developer customer base, and driving profitability as T1 grows.”

Business update and guidance

  • Maintaining 2026 operating guidance and awaiting clarity on key swing factors for 2026 financial guidance. T1’s 2026 production guidance range of 3.1 – 4.2 GW from G1_Dallas is unchanged. The Company believes it is well positioned to achieve the high-end of this targeted production range in 2026 based on continued progress qualifying international cell vendors. Other swing factors that could impact T1’s 2026 Adjusted EBITDA include: customer merchant sales demand for H2 2026, a potential ruling in the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Section 232 investigation into foreign sourced polysilicon and derivatives, and the status of International Emergency Economic Powers Act (“IEEPA”) tariffs.

  • Preliminary indications of incremental customer demand for integrated G1_Dallas/G2_Austin high domestic content modules. T1 continues to pursue multi-year offtake contracts through strategic partnerships as well as merchant sales opportunities. With safe harboring deadlines and a potential Section 232 outcome looming, Indicative customer demand for potential G1/G2 offtakes covers more than 100% of the Company’s anticipated G1/G2 production capacity for 2027 - 2028.

  • T1 is committed to strategic alignment with key U.S. policy initiatives. As a large buyer of U.S. polysilicon and wafers through long-term supply agreements with Hemlock Semiconductor and Corning Inc. (NYSE: GLW), T1 believes it is well positioned for a potential ruling in the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Section 232 investigation into foreign sourced polysilicon.

  • T1 underscores commitment to American advanced manufacturing with organizational development. The Company continues to strengthen and grow key functions in sales, engineering, and supply chain to expand T1’s commercial presence in the utility-scale and hyperscaler ecosystems, enhance internal technical capabilities, and build cost optimized, integrated U.S. and global supply chains.

Subsequent Events to Q1 2026

  • T1 completed an upsized public offering of convertible senior notes due 2031. In April 2026, the Company completed a public offering of $160 million aggregate principal amount of its 4.00% convertible senior notes due 2031. The offering, which was upsized from an originally targeted $125.0 million, generated net proceeds of $174.7 million and has positioned T1 to progress construction of the 2.1 GW Phase 1 of G2_Austin while the company pursues a comprehensive financing solution with a significant debt component.

Q1 2026 Results Overview

  • T1 Energy reported a net loss attributable to common stockholders for the first quarter of 2026 of $21.4 million, or $(0.08) per share compared to a net loss of $17.1 million, or $(0.11) per share for the first quarter of 2025. Net income from continuing operations was $3.9 million, or $0.01 per share for the first quarter of 2026 compared to a net loss from continuing operations of $6.3 million, or $(0.05) per share for the first quarter of 2025. Net loss from discontinued operations was $24.3 million, or $(0.09) per share for the first quarter of 2026 compared to $10.0 million, or $(0.06) per share for the first quarter of 2025.

  • As of March 31, 2026, T1 had cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash of $123.7 million, of which $46.4 million was unrestricted cash.

Presentation of First Quarter 2026 Results

A presentation will be held today, May 12, 2026, at 8:00 am Eastern Daylight Time to discuss financial and operating results for the first quarter 2026. The results and presentation material will be available for download at https://ir.t1energy.com/.

Participants can access the conference call by clicking the following link and completing the online registration form. Upon registering participants will receive the dial-in info and PIN to join the call.

The call will also be available by clicking the webcast link.

About T1 Energy

T1 Energy Inc. (NYSE: TE) is an energy solutions provider building an integrated U.S. supply chain for solar and batteries. In December 2024, T1 completed a transformative transaction, positioning the Company as one of the leading solar manufacturing companies in the U.S., with a complementary solar and battery storage strategy. Based in the U.S. with plans to expand its operations in America, the Company is also exploring value optimization opportunities across its portfolio of assets in Europe.

To learn more about T1, please visit www.T1energy.com and follow on social media.

Investor contact:

Jeffrey Spittel
EVP, Investor Relations and Corporate Development
jeffrey.spittel@T1energy.com
Tel: +1 409 599-5706

Media contact:

Russell Gold
EVP, Strategic Communications
russell.gold@T1energy.com
Tel: +1 214 616-9715

Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements:

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements contained in this press release that do not relate to matters of historical fact should be considered forward-looking statements, including without limitation with respect to T1’s strategy of developing as an integrated U.S. solar and storage leader, powering U.S. AI development and energy dominance and establishing a domestic solar supply chain (including its desired position as the first vertically integrated American silicon-based advanced solar company); T1’s ability to build commercial traction with U.S. customers; T1’s ability to generate meaningful long-term shareholder value; T1's project financing and development of G2_Austin and related timeline (including the timing for funding and completing G2_Austin); T1’s financial and operating performance and guidance (including 2026 operating and financial guidance) and any projected business outlook; the outcome and timing of the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Section 232 investigation, any ruling thereunder, and the impact of any such ruling on T1’s pricing, demand, customer behavior, and 2026 Adjusted EBITDA; the growth of U.S. electricity demand; T1’s commercial presence and ability to grow its U.S. customer base; T1’s ability to meet its production plan and pursue strategic partnerships; T1’s capital formation opportunities and the timing thereof; any cell procurement targets and indications of customer demand in 2026; T1’s ability to optimize its capital structure; the ramp up of production and revenues at G1_Dallas (including the timing for module production); discussions with utilities/developers to explore strategic partnerships; any commercial funnel of sales opportunities for 2026 and beyond (including customer pursuits, advanced opportunities and ongoing discussions with customers); and T1’s ability to meet its strategic priorities to fund and build T1’s integrated polysilicon solar supply chain and enhance its profitability and capital structure. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations. These statements are neither promises nor guarantees, but involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause actual future events, results, or achievements to be materially different from T1’s expectations and projections expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Important factors include, but are not limited to, those discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in T1's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 31, 2026, as amended and supplemented by Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on April 30, 2026, including risks related to: (1) T1's ability to (i) construct and equip manufacturing facilities in a timely and cost-effective manner; (ii) target and retain customers and suppliers; (iii) attract and retain key employees and qualified personnel; (iv) protect its intellectual property; (v) comply with legal and environmental regulations; (vi) compete in international markets in light of export and import controls; (vii) incur substantially more debt; (viii) remediate the material weakness in T1's internal control over financial reporting or otherwise maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, (ix) qualify for the advanced manufacturing production credit under Section 45X of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and (x) rely on third-party warranties; (2) the concentration of T1's operations in Texas and its dependence on a limited number of suppliers; (3) changes adversely affecting the flow of components and materials from international vendors, the costs of raw materials, components, equipment, and machinery; (4) general economic and geopolitical conditions, (5) changes in applicable laws or regulations, including environmental, export control and tax laws and incentives and renewable energy targets, as well as international trade policies, including tariffs, on T1's products and competitive position; (6) the outcome of any legal proceedings relating to T1's products and services, including intellectual property or product liability claims, commercial or contractual disputes, warranty claims, and other proceedings; and (7) the capital-intensive nature of T1's business and its ability to raise additional capital on attractive terms or service its debt. The above referenced filings are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this press release and are based on information available to T1 as of the date of this press release, and T1 assumes no obligation to update such forward-looking statements, all of which are expressly qualified by the statements in this section, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

T1 intends to use its website as a channel of distribution to disclose information which may be of interest or material to investors and to communicate with investors and the public. Such disclosures will be included on T1’s website in the ‘Investor Relations’ section. T1, and its CEO and Chairman of the Board, Daniel Barcelo, also intend to use certain social media channels, including, but not limited to, X, LinkedIn and Instagram, as means of communicating with the public and investors about T1, its progress, products, and other matters. While not all the information that T1 or Daniel Barcelo post to their respective digital platforms may be deemed to be of a material nature, some information may be. As a result, T1 encourages investors and others interested to review the information that it and Daniel Barcelo posts and to monitor such portions of T1’s website and social media channels on a regular basis, in addition to following T1’s press releases, SEC filings, and public conference calls and webcasts. The contents of T1’s website and its and Daniel Barcelo’s social media channels shall not be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

T1 reports financial results in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). Adjusted EBITDA presented herein is a supplemental measure of T1’s performance that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, GAAP. The presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP.

T1 defines Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) from continuing operations before interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization, and further adjustments to exclude certain items that management does not consider indicative of the Company’s core operating performance, including, but not limited to, non-cash charges, non-recurring items, and non-operating gains or losses. These adjustments include impairment charges, losses on debt extinguishment, losses on settlement of derivative liabilities, share-based compensation, fair value adjustments of warrant and derivative liabilities, and non-recurring transaction expenses. Our Adjusted EBITDA measure was re-defined in the fourth quarter of 2025 to also exclude certain non-recurring transaction expenses. The historical presentation of Adjusted EBITDA in this press release has been recast to conform to the revised definition.

T1 uses Adjusted EBITDA as a key measure in evaluating its financial and operating performance and in making strategic business decisions. T1 believes that Adjusted EBITDA, when considered together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures, provides meaningful supplemental information by excluding items that may not be representative of its core business, operating results, or future outlook. However, Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) from continuing operations or any other measure of performance or liquidity presented in accordance with GAAP.

Adjusted EBITDA has been reconciled to the nearest GAAP measure for historical periods in the table entitled “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures to Most Comparable Amounts” set forth on Annex A of this press release.


T1 ENERGY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

March 31, 2026

 

December 31, 2025

ASSETS

Current assets:

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

46,367

 

 

$

182,450

 

Restricted cash

 

 

70,178

 

 

 

81,203

 

Accounts receivable trade, net - related parties

 

 

100,023

 

 

 

84,481

 

Government grants receivable, net

 

 

77,801

 

 

 

36,376

 

Inventory

 

 

128,941

 

 

 

116,043

 

Advances to suppliers

 

 

139,105

 

 

 

137,532

 

Other current assets

 

 

10,466

 

 

 

5,989

 

Current assets of discontinued operations

 

 

11,791

 

 

 

19,418

 

Total current assets

 

 

584,672

 

 

 

663,492

 

Restricted cash

 

 

7,120

 

 

 

7,120

 

Property and equipment, net

 

 

345,956

 

 

 

302,302

 

Goodwill

 

 

57,449

 

 

 

57,449

 

Intangible assets, net

 

 

169,131

 

 

 

180,481

 

Right-of-use asset under operating leases

 

 

162,834

 

 

 

151,166

 

Other assets

 

 

9,916

 

 

 

10,098

 

Total assets

 

$

1,337,078

 

 

$

1,372,108

 

LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities:

 

 

 

 

Accounts payable

 

$

96,493

 

 

$

91,323

 

Accrued liabilities and other

 

 

64,661

 

 

 

47,224

 

Deferred revenue

 

 

90,006

 

 

 

56,731

 

Derivative liabilities

 

 

1,132

 

 

 

11,661

 

Current portion of long-term debt

 

 

48,236

 

 

 

46,357

 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities - related parties

 

 

108,964

 

 

 

162,754

 

Current liabilities of discontinued operations

 

 

56,397

 

 

 

47,538

 

Total current liabilities

 

 

465,889

 

 

 

463,588

 

Long-term deferred revenue

 

 

48,189

 

 

 

48,189

 

Convertible notes

 

 

153,381

 

 

 

152,960

 

Operating lease liability

 

 

154,069

 

 

 

143,534

 

Long-term debt

 

 

122,604

 

 

 

137,303

 

Long-term debt - related party

 

 

54,185

 

 

 

53,538

 

Deferred tax liability

 

 

3,222

 

 

 

3,758

 

Other long-term liabilities

 

 

26,332

 

 

 

47,353

 

Total liabilities

 

 

1,027,871

 

 

 

1,050,223

 

Commitments and contingencies

 

 

 

 

Redeemable preferred stock

 

 

 

 

Series B convertible non-voting preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 1,600 shares issued and
    outstanding as of both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively (includes
    accrued dividends of $400 and $160 as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively)

 

 

18,045

 

 

 

17,805

 

Series B-1 convertible non-voting preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 5,000 shares issued and
    outstanding as of both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively (includes
    accrued dividends of $1,250 and $500 as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively)

 

 

54,460

 

 

 

53,710

 

Equity:

 

 

 

 

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 279,037 and 266,267 shares issued and outstanding as of
    March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively

 

 

2,790

 

 

 

2,663

 

Additional paid-in capital

 

 

1,358,278

 

 

 

1,358,992

 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

 

 

(10,875

)

 

 

(18,213

)

Accumulated deficit

 

 

(1,113,491

)

 

 

(1,093,072

)

Total equity

 

 

236,702

 

 

 

250,370

 

Total liabilities, redeemable preferred stock and equity

 

$

1,337,078

 

 

$

1,372,108

 



T1 ENERGY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)

 

 

 

Three months ended March 31,

 

 

2026

 

 

 

2025

 

Net sales

$

241

 

 

$

 

Net sales - related party

 

177,406

 

 

 

53,452

 

Total net sales

 

177,647

 

 

 

53,452

 

Cost of sales

 

148,563

 

 

 

35,671

 

Gross profit

 

29,084

 

 

 

17,781

 

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

51,589

 

 

 

43,379

 

Total operating expenses

 

51,589

 

 

 

43,379

 

Operating loss from continuing operations

 

(22,505

)

 

 

(25,598

)

Other (expense) income:

 

 

 

Warrant liability fair value adjustment

 

10,413

 

 

 

1,567

 

Derivative liabilities fair value adjustment

 

19,955

 

 

 

25,229

 

Impairment of assets previously classified as held for sale

 

 

 

 

(282

)

Interest expense, net

 

(6,164

)

 

 

(9,853

)

Other income, net

 

1,981

 

 

 

163

 

Total other income

 

26,185

 

 

 

16,824

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes

 

3,680

 

 

 

(8,774

)

Income tax benefit

 

222

 

 

 

2,513

 

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

 

3,902

 

 

 

(6,261

)

Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

 

(24,321

)

 

 

(9,978

)

Net loss

 

(20,419

)

 

 

(16,239

)

Preferred dividends and accretion

 

(990

)

 

 

(891

)

Net loss attributable to common stockholders

$

(21,409

)

 

$

(17,130

)

 

 

 

 

Weighted average shares outstanding:

 

 

 

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding - basic

 

278,539

 

 

 

155,933

 

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding - diluted

 

285,252

 

 

 

155,933

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders:

 

 

 

Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations - basic and diluted

$

0.01

 

 

$

(0.05

)

Net loss per share from discontinued operations - basic and diluted

$

(0.09

)

 

$

(0.06

)

Net loss per share - basic and diluted

$

(0.08

)

 

$

(0.11

)

 

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income (loss):

 

 

 

Net loss

$

(20,419

)

 

$

(16,239

)

Foreign currency translation adjustments

 

7,338

 

 

 

26,065

 

Total comprehensive income (loss)

 

(13,081

)

 

 

9,826

 

Preferred dividends and accretion

 

(990

)

 

 

(891

)

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

$

(14,071

)

 

$

8,935

 



T1 ENERGY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

Three months ended March 31,

 

 

 

2026

 

 

 

2025

 

Cash flows from operating activities:

 

 

 

 

Net loss

 

$

(20,419

)

 

$

(16,239

)

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:

 

 

 

 

Share-based compensation expense

 

 

2,738

 

 

 

3,939

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

 

25,105

 

 

 

14,678

 

Impairment of assets previously classified as held for sale

 

 

 

 

 

282

 

Change in valuation allowance

 

 

15,358

 

 

 

(645

)

Change in fair value of derivative liabilities

 

 

(19,955

)

 

 

(25,229

)

Gain on sale of property and equipment

 

 

 

 

 

(5,675

)

Amortization of debt issuance costs, premium and discount

 

 

1,873

 

 

 

4,640

 

Reduction in the carrying amount of right-of-use assets

 

 

2,095

 

 

 

1,689

 

Warrant liability fair value adjustment

 

 

(10,413

)

 

 

(1,567

)

Deferred income taxes

 

 

(536

)

 

 

(995

)

Other

 

 

(20

)

 

 

2,350

 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

 

 

 

 

Accounts receivable trade, net - related parties

 

 

(15,542

)

 

 

(18,005

)

Government grants receivable, net

 

 

(41,425

)

 

 

(13,393

)

Inventory

 

 

(12,898

)

 

 

(58,483

)

Other assets

 

 

183

 

 

 

 

Advances to suppliers and other current assets

 

 

(10,027

)

 

 

(358

)

Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other

 

 

(22,266

)

 

 

56,827

 

Deferred revenue

 

 

33,275

 

 

 

11,370

 

Net cash used in operating activities

 

 

(72,874

)

 

 

(44,814

)

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from the return of property and equipment deposits

 

 

 

 

 

1,202

 

Purchases of property and equipment

 

 

(60,724

)

 

 

(29,141

)

Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment

 

 

 

 

 

50,000

 

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities

 

 

(60,724

)

 

 

22,061

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

 

 

 

Repayment of Senior Secured Credit Facility

 

 

(13,625

)

 

 

 

Exercise of Penny Warrants

 

 

70

 

 

 

 

Payment of debt issuance costs

 

 

 

 

 

(3,760

)

Net cash used in financing activities

 

 

(13,555

)

 

 

(3,760

)

Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

 

 

45

 

 

 

959

 

Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

 

 

(147,108

)

 

 

(25,554

)

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period

 

 

270,773

 

 

 

76,645

 

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period

 

$

123,665

 

 

$

51,091

 

Reconciliation to condensed consolidated balance sheets:

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

46,367

 

 

$

48,881

 

Restricted cash

 

 

77,298

 

 

 

2,210

 

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

 

$

123,665

 

 

$

51,091

 



T1 ENERGY INC.
RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES TO MOST COMPARABLE AMOUNTS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

Three months ended
March 31,

 

 

 

 

 

2026

 

 

 

2025

 

Net loss

 

$

(20,419

)

 

$

(16,239

)

Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

 

 

24,321

 

 

 

9,978

 

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

 

 

3,902

 

 

 

(6,261

)

Adjustments to net income (loss) from continuing operations

 

 

 

 

Interest expense, net

 

 

6,164

 

 

 

9,853

 

Income tax benefit

 

 

(222

)

 

 

(2,513

)

Depreciation and amortization

 

 

25,105

 

 

 

14,678

 

Impairment of assets previously classified as held for sale

 

 

 

 

 

282

 

Warrant liability fair value adjustment

 

 

(10,413

)

 

 

(1,567

)

Derivative liabilities fair value adjustment

 

 

(19,955

)

 

 

(25,229

)

Other income, net

 

 

(1,981

)

 

 

(163

)

Share-based compensation expense

 

 

2,738

 

 

 

3,939

 

Transaction and nonrecurring expenses (1)

 

 

3,796

 

 

 

2,980

 

Adjusted EBITDA

 

$

9,134

 

 

$

(4,001

)


(1)

Transaction and nonrecurring expenses of $3.8 million for the three months March 31, 2026, was primarily related to non-recurring legal costs in connection with the evaluation, interpretation, and implementation of provisions under the Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”) and the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) and non-recurring legal and advisory costs in connection with the evaluation and pursuit of potential acquisitions and joint venture arrangements. Transaction and nonrecurring expenses of $3.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, was primarily related to the Trina Business Combination and non-recurring legal and advisory costs in connection with the evaluation and pursuit of potential acquisitions and joint venture arrangements.