System1, Inc.NYSE: SST

Q1 25 Supplemental Financial Information

· Issued by System1, Inc.

System1, Inc./S1 Holdco LLC

Pro Forma for Disposition of Total Security Limited

Unaudited Statements of Operations

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

S1 Holdco LLC

S1 Holdco LLC

S1 Holdco LLC

S1 Holdco LLC

S1 Holdco LLC

(in thousands)

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

Sucessor Period

Predecessor

Period

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

31-Mar-25

31-Dec-24

30-Sep-24

30-Jun-24

31-Mar-24

31-Dec-23

30-Sep-23

30-Jun-23

31-Mar-23

31-Dec-22

30-Sep-22

30-Jun-22

1.27.22 - 3.31.22

1.1.22 - 1.26.22

31-Dec-21

30-Sep-21

30-Jun-21

31-Mar-21

Revenue

74,513

75,594

88,832

94,581

84,917

96,120

87,818

96,914

121,119

140,071

156,895

177,029

138,234

52,712

199,803

171,445

169,579

147,561

Operating cost and expenses:

Cost of revenues

46,077

30,894

51,171

55,798

53,698

58,550

50,584

56,656

82,953

97,145

111,217

128,507

101,970

41,507

155,276

128,885

126,167

110,785

Salaries, commissions, and benefits

24,988

25,915

29,177

33,937

24,483

24,608

26,695

27,054

28,148

29,040

30,469

30,249

48,288

31,181

18,715

15,139

17,698

15,195

Selling, general, and administrative

16,574

10,457

10,172

13,989

12,728

12,304

11,808

15,340

14,855

13,869

11,572

12,984

12,407

15,665

14,650

7,936

6,277

6,950

Depreciation and amortization (1)

0

20,232

20,128

19,943

19,804

19,737

19,585

19,689

19,393

19,102

18,924

18,827

12,618

1,000

3,625

3,459

3,112

3,689

Impairment of goodwill

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

26,636

346,092

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total operating costs and expenses

87,639

87,498

110,648

123,667

110,712

115,199

108,673

118,739

145,349

185,791

518,274

190,568

175,283

89,353

192,266

155,419

153,254

136,619

Operating income

(13,127)

(11,903)

(21,816)

(29,086)

(25,795)

(19,079)

(20,855)

(21,825)

(24,230)

(45,720)

(361,379)

(13,538)

(37,049)

(36,641)

7,537

16,026

16,325

10,942

Loss (gain) on fair value of warrants

32

(915)

281

(1,501)

(251)

1,764

(7,482)

2,018

(1,409)

(10,360)

4,489

(4,139)

13,761

-

-

-

-

-

Loss on extinguishment of related-party debt

-

-

-

(433)

(19,676)

1,385

619

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Interest expense

7,085

7,764

7,957

7,871

7,970

11,957

13,053

12,334

11,402

9,692

9,664

7,200

5,054

1,049

4,162

4,184

4,476

4,048

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax

(20,244)

(18,752)

(30,054)

(35,023)

(13,839)

(34,185)

(27,045)

(36,176)

(34,224)

(45,052)

(375,532)

(16,599)

(55,864)

(37,690)

3,375

11,842

11,849

6,894

Income tax expense

(387)

(729)

585

(178)

(48)

(8,757)

(1,116)

(6,670)

(3,829)

(15,252)

(77,715)

1,089

(16,803)

(629)

262

475

77

151

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

(19,857)

(18,023)

(30,639)

(34,845)

(13,791)

(25,428)

(25,929)

(29,506)

(30,395)

(29,800)

(297,817)

(17,688)

(39,061)

(37,061)

3,113

11,367

11,772

6,743

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest

(3,973)

(3,862)

(7,037)

(8,472)

(3,254)

(8,903)

(31,647)

(8,690)

(9,124)

(18,089)

(71,606)

(8,124)

(13,111)

-

-

-

-

-

Gain (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes

-

-

-

-

-

(11,105)

(137,207)

(13,484)

(12,533)

(21,040)

(14,146)

(17,850)

(3,923)

-

-

-

-

-

Net income

(15,884)

(14,161)

(23,602)

(26,373)

(10,537)

(27,630)

(131,489)

(34,300)

(33,804)

(32,751)

(240,357)

(27,414)

(29,873)

(37,061)

3,113

11,367

11,772

6,743

(1) Beginning in Q125 deprecation and amortization expense was recorded directly in Cost of revenues and Selling, general, and administrative. See below for an allocation of D&A between the expense items from Q1 24 forward:

Cost of Revenues - D&A

13,050

12,884

12,828

12,709

12,620

SG&A - D&A

7,427

7,348

7,300

7,234

7,183

Total Depreciation & Amortization

20,477

20,232

20,128

19,943

19,804

System1, Inc./S1 Holdco LLC

Pro Forma for Disposition of Total Security Limited

Unaudited Statements of Operations

(in thousands)

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

Successor + Predecessor Total

Successor + Predecessor Total

Successor + Predecessor Total

S1 Holdco LLC

S1 Holdco LLC

S1 Holdco LLC

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

31-Dec-24

30-Sep-24

30-Jun-24

31-Dec-23

30-Sep-23

30-Jun-23

31-Dec-22

30-Sep-22

30-Jun-22

31-Dec-21

30-Sep-21

30-Jun-21

Revenue

Operating cost and expenses:

Cost of revenues

Salaries, commissions, and benefits

Selling, general, and administrative

Depreciation and amortization (1)

Impairment of goodwill

Total operating costs and expenses

Operating income

Loss (gain) on fair value of warrants

Loss on extinguishment of related-party debt

Interest expense

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax

Income tax expense

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest

Gain (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes

Net income

343,925

268,330

179,498

401,971

305,851

218,033

664,941

524,870

367,975

688,389

488,586

317,140

191,561

160,667

109,496

248,745

190,194

139,610

480,346

383,201

271,984

521,113

365,837

236,952

113,512

87,597

58,420

106,505

81,897

55,202

169,227

140,187

109,718

66,747

48,032

32,893

47,346

36,889

26,717

54,307

42,004

30,195

66,496

52,628

41,056

35,813

21,163

13,227

80,107

59,875

39,747

78,403

58,666

39,081

70,471

51,370

32,446

13,885

10,260

6,801

-

-

-

-

-

-

372,728

346,092

-

-

-

-

432,525

345,028

234,379

487,960

372,761

264,088

1,159,268

973,477

455,203

637,558

445,292

289,873

(88,601)

(76,698)

(54,881)

(85,989)

(66,910)

(46,055)

(494,327)

(448,607)

(87,228)

50,831

43,294

27,267

(2,386)

(1,471)

(1,752)

(5,109)

(6,873)

609

3,751

14,111

9,622

-

-

-

(20,109)

(20,109)

(20,109)

2,004

619

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

31,562

23,799

15,841

48,746

36,789

23,736

32,659

22,967

13,303

16,870

12,708

8,524

(97,668)

(78,916)

(48,862)

(131,630)

(97,445)

(70,400)

(530,737)

(485,685)

(110,153)

33,961

30,586

18,743

(370)

359

(226)

(20,372)

(11,615)

(10,499)

(109,310)

(94,058)

(16,343)

965

703

228

(97,298)

(79,275)

(48,636)

(111,258)

(85,830)

(59,901)

(421,427)

(391,627)

(93,810)

32,996

29,883

18,515

(22,625)

(18,763)

(11,726)

(58,364)

(49,461)

(17,814)

(110,930)

(92,841)

(21,235)

-

-

-

-

-

-

(174,329)

(163,224)

(26,017)

(56,959)

(35,919)

(21,773)

-

-

-

(74,673)

(60,512)

(36,910)

(227,222)

(199,593)

(68,104)

(367,456)

(334,705)

(94,348)

32,996

29,883

18,515

(1) Beginning in Q125 deprecation and amortization expense was recorded directly in Cost of revenues and Selling, general, and administrative.

System1, Inc./S1 Holdco LLC

Pro Forma for Disposition of Total Security Limited

Non-GAAP Financials

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

S1 Holdco LLC

S1 Holdco LLC

S1 Holdco LLC

S1 Holdco LLC

S1 Holdco LLC

(in thousands)

Sucessor Period

Sucessor Period

Sucessor Period

Sucessor Period

Sucessor Period

Sucessor Period

Sucessor Period

Sucessor Period

Sucessor Period

Sucessor Period

Sucessor Period

Sucessor Period

Sucessor Period

Predecessor Period

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

31-Mar-25

31-Dec-24

30-Sep-24

30-Jun-24

31-Mar-24

31-Dec-23

30-Sep-23

30-Jun-23

31-Mar-23

31-Dec-22

30-Sep-22

30-Jun-22

1.27.22 - 3.31.22

1.1.22 - 1.26.22

31-Dec-21

30-Sep-21

30-Jun-21

31-Mar-21

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

$ (19,857)

$ (18,023)

$ (30,639)

$ (34,845)

$ (13,791)

$ (25,428)

$ (25,929)

$ (29,506)

$ (30,395)

$ (29,800)

$ (297,817)

$ (17,688)

$ (39,061)

$ (37,061)

$ 3,113

$ 11,367

$ 11,772

$ 6,743

Income tax expense

(387)

(729)

585

(178)

(48)

(8,757)

(1,116)

(6,670)

(3,829)

(15,252)

(77,715)

1,089

(16,803)

(629)

262

475

77

151

Interest expense

7,085

7,764

7,957

7,871

7,970

11,957

13,053

12,334

11,402

9,692

9,664

7,200

5,054

1,049

4,162

4,185

4,476

4,048

Depreciation & amortization

20,477

20,232

20,128

19,943

19,804

19,737

19,585

19,689

19,393

19,102

18,924

18,827

12,618

1,000

3,625

3,458

3,113

3,689

Impairment of goodwill

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

26,636

346,092

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other income/expense (1)

(39)

(111)

127

(36)

(97)

187

639

271

(65)

1,280

(400)

(68)

228

(61)

70

(25)

18

84

Stock-based compensation and distributions to Members (2)

2,651

4,567

3,783

3,442

3,971

5,842

5,267

4,294

5,832

6,867

7,817

7,716

33,511

23,362

3,458

673

3,342

2,118

Revaluation of non-cash warrant liability

32

(915)

281

(1,501)

(251)

1,764

(7,482)

2,018

(1,409)

(10,360)

4,489

(4,139)

13,761

-

-

-

-

-

Loss on Extinguishment of related-party debt

-

-

-

(433)

(19,676)

1,385

619

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Costs related to acquisitions/business combinations

1,034

3,028

7,441

11,854

2,244

3,269

1,710

2,589

3,471

4,371

4,242

5,342

10,129

13,162

8,002

2,786

655

1,547

Other costs, including restructuring and legal settlements

1,091

2,067

683

3,810

297

57

1,760

1,087

755

1,876

475

353

206

-

4

126

262

428

Adjusted EBITDA

$ 12,085

$ 17,880

$ 10,346

$ 9,927

$ 423

$ 10,012

$ 8,105

$ 6,105

$ 5,154

$ 14,413

$ 15,772

$ 18,631

$ 19,644

$ 822

$ 22,696

$ 23,046

$ 23,715

$ 18,809

(1) Non-cash adjustments related to foreign exchange and asset disposals

(2) Comprised of distributions to equity holders and non-cash stock-based compensation

System1, Inc./S1 Holdco LLC

Pro Forma for Disposition of Total Security Limited

Non-GAAP Financials

(in thousands)

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

System1, Inc.

Successor + Predecessor

Total

Successor + Predecessor

Total

Successor + Predecessor

Total

S1 Holdco LLC

S1 Holdco LLC

S1 Holdco LLC

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

31-Dec-24

30-Sep-24

30-Jun-24

31-Dec-23

30-Sep-23

30-Jun-23

31-Dec-22

30-Sep-22

30-Jun-22

31-Dec-21

30-Sep-21

30-Jun-21

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

$ (97,298)

$ (79,275)

$ (48,636)

$ (111,258)

$ (85,830)

$ (59,901)

$ (421,427)

$ (391,627)

$ (93,810)

$ 32,996

$ 29,883

$ 18,515

Income tax expense

(370)

359

(226)

(20,372)

(11,615)

(10,499)

(109,310)

(94,058)

(16,343)

965

703

228

Interest expense

31,562

23,799

15,841

48,746

36,789

23,736

32,659

22,967

13,303

16,871

12,709

8,524

Depreciation & amortization

80,107

59,875

39,747

78,403

58,666

39,081

70,471

51,370

32,446

13,884

10,259

6,801

Impairment of goodwill

-

-

-

-

-

-

372,728

346,092

-

-

-

-

Other income/expense (1)

(117)

(6)

(133)

1,032

845

206

978

(301)

98

147

76

102

Stock-based compensation and distributions to Members (2)

15,763

11,197

7,413

21,235

15,393

10,126

79,273

72,406

64,589

9,591

6,133

5,460

Revaluation of non-cash warrant liability

(2,386)

(1,471)

(1,752)

(5,109)

(6,873)

609

3,751

14,111

9,622

-

-

-

Loss on Extinguishment of related-party debt

(20,109)

(20,109)

(20,109)

2,004

619

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Costs related to acquisitions/business combinations

24,567

21,539

14,098

11,039

7,770

6,060

37,247

32,875

28,633

12,991

4,989

2,202

Other costs, including restructuring and legal settlements

6,857

4,790

4,107

3,658

3,601

1,841

2,910

1,034

559

821

817

691

Adjusted EBITDA

$ 38,577

$ 20,697

$ 10,350

$ 29,377

$ 19,365

$ 11,259

$ 69,281

$ 54,868

$ 39,097

$ 88,265

$ 65,569

$ 42,524

(1) Non-cash adjustments related to foreign exchange and asset disposals

(2) Comprised of distributions to equity holders and non-cash stock-based compensation

Non-Financial Metrcis

(In thousands except ratios)

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

QTD

O&O Advertising

31-Mar-25

31-Dec-24

30-Sep-24

30-Jun-24

31-Mar-24

31-Dec-23

30-Sep-23

30-Jun-23

31-Mar-23

31-Dec-22

30-Sep-22

30-Jun-22

31-Mar-22

31-Dec-21

30-Sep-21

30-Jun-21

31-Mar-21

Revenue

$ 57,921

$ 64,705

$ 70,798

$ 77,397

$ 69,030

$ 79,422

$ 66,186

$ 77,300

$ 106,025

$ 127,867

$ 143,600

$ 157,952

$ 176,133

$ 190,035

$ 162,606

$ 160,817

$ 139,426

Advertising Spend (1)

$ 30,143

$ 32,743

$ 44,391

$ 50,019

$ 46,567

$ 52,820

$ 42,301

$ 49,711

$ 76,186

$ 92,785

$ 106,340

$ 121,153

$ 137,948

$ 152,653

$ 126,404

$ 123,244

$ 107,298

Direct Adjusted Gross Profit

$ 27,778

$ 31,963

$ 26,406

$ 27,377

$ 22,462

$ 26,602

$ 23,886

$ 27,589

$ 29,839

$ 35,082

$ 37,261

$ 36,799

$ 38,186

$ 37,383

$ 36,202

$ 37,572

$ 32,128

O&O Sessions (2)

1,283,272

1,898,758

2,070,074

2,004,923

1,209,083

1,060,326

921,512

819,813

1,026,262

1,042,908

1,077,915

1,012,761

975,025

999,975

859,392

766,293

741,122

O&O CPS (3)

$ 0.02

$ 0.02

$ 0.02

$ 0.02

$ 0.04

$ 0.05

$ 0.05

$ 0.06

$ 0.07

$ 0.09

$ 0.10

$ 0.12

$ 0.14

$ 0.15

$ 0.15

$ 0.16

$ 0.14

O&O RPS (4)

$ 0.05

$ 0.03

$ 0.03

$ 0.04

$ 0.06

$ 0.07

$ 0.07

$ 0.09

$ 0.10

$ 0.12

$ 0.13

$ 0.16

$ 0.18

$ 0.19

$ 0.19

$ 0.21

$ 0.19

Spread

92%

98%

59%

55%

48%

50%

56%

55%

39%

38%

35%

30%

28%

24%

29%

30%

30%

Partner Network

Revenue

$ 16,592

$ 10,889

$ 18,035

$ 17,184

$ 15,888

$ 16,698

$ 21,632

$ 19,614

$ 15,093

$ 12,204

$ 13,295

$ 19,077

$ 14,812

$ 9,768

$ 8,840

$ 8,763

$ 8,135

Agency Fees (5)

$ 1,629

$ (3,508)

$ 4,981

$ 3,694

$ 4,968

$ 3,614

$ 6,320

$ 4,806

$ 4,876

$ 2,535

$ 2,994

$ 5,170

$ 3,387

$ -

$ -

$ -

$ -

Direct Adjusted Gross Profit

$ 14,963

$ 14,397

$ 13,054

$ 13,489

$ 10,919

$ 13,084

$ 15,312

$ 14,808

$ 10,217

$ 9,669

$ 10,301

$ 13,908

$ 11,425

$ 9,768

$ 8,840

$ 8,763

$ 8,135

Network Sessions (6)

1,708,198

1,861,490

2,318,513

2,052,037

1,545,162

1,270,965

894,179

676,763

448,287

375,605

364,196

361,432

308,805

289,331

297,142

321,934

338,960

Network CPS (7)

$ 0.00

$ (0.00)

$ 0.00

$ 0.00

$ 0.00

$ 0.00

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ -

$ -

$ -

$ -

Network RPS (8)

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.02

$ 0.03

$ 0.03

$ 0.03

$ 0.04

$ 0.05

$ 0.05

$ 0.03

$ 0.03

$ 0.03

$ 0.02

Adjusted Partner Network CPS and RPS

Revenue (9)

Agency Fees (5), (9)

Direct Adjusted Gross Profit

Network Sessions (6)

Network CPS (7)

Network RPS (8)

$ 16,364

$ 15,099

$ 15,611

$ 14,920

$ 1,967

$ 2,046

$ 2,122

$ 4,001

$ 14,397

$ 13,054

$ 13,489

$ 10,919

1,861,490

2,318,513

2,052,037

1,545,162

$ 0.00

$ 0.00

$ 0.00

$ 0.00

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

(1) Advertising spend is the amount of advertising that is spent to acquire traffic to Owned & Operated websites

(2) O&O sessions are the total number of monetizable user visits to Owned & Operated websites

(3) CPS is advertising spend divided by O&O Sessions

(4) RPS is O&O Revenue divided by O&O Sessions

(5) Agency fees are the amount of costs for agencies acquiring traffic to Owned & Operated websites

(6) Network sessions are the number of monetizable user visits delivered by network partners to RAMP

(7) CPS is agency fees divided by Network Sessions

(8) RPS is Partner Network revenue divided by Network Sessions

(9) Revenue and Agency fees adjustment for Q4 24 out-of-period adjustment related to gross versus net revenue classification. Adjustment adjusts historical revenue and agency fees for the period in which the adjustment occured.

Non-Financial Metrcis

(In thousands except ratios)

O&O Advertising

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

YTD

31-Dec-24

30-Sep-24

30-Jun-24

31-Dec-23

30-Sep-23

30-Jun-23

31-Dec-22

30-Sep-22

30-Jun-22

31-Dec-21

30-Sep-21

30-Jun-21

Revenue

Advertising Spend (1)

Direct Adjusted Gross Profit

O&O Sessions (2)

O&O CPS (3)

O&O RPS (4)

Spread

$ 281,929

$ 217,224

$ 146,426

$ 328,934

$ 249,512

$ 183,325

$ 605,552

$ 477,686

$ 334,085

$ 652,884

$ 462,848

$ 300,242

$ 173,721

$ 140,978

$ 96,587

$ 221,018

$ 168,198

$ 125,897

$ 458,225

$ 365,440

$ 259,100

$ 509,599

$ 356,946

$ 230,542

$ 108,209

$ 76,246

$ 49,839

$ 107,916

$ 81,314

$ 57,428

$ 147,328

$ 112,246

$ 74,985

$ 143,284

$ 105,902

$ 69,700

7,182,838

5,284,080

3,214,006

3,827,913

2,767,587

1,846,075

4,108,610

3,065,702

1,987,786

3,366,783

2,366,807

1,507,415

$ 0.02

$ 0.03

$ 0.03

$ 0.06

$ 0.06

$ 0.07

$ 0.11

$ 0.12

$ 0.13

$ 0.15

$ 0.15

$ 0.15

$ 0.04

$ 0.04

$ 0.05

$ 0.09

$ 0.09

$ 0.10

$ 0.15

$ 0.16

$ 0.17

$ 0.19

$ 0.20

$ 0.20

62%

54%

52%

49%

48%

46%

32%

31%

29%

28%

30%

30%

Partner Network

Revenue

Agency Fees (5)

Direct Adjusted Gross Profit

Network Sessions (6)

Network CPS (7)

Network RPS (8)

$ 61,995

$ 51,106

$ 33,072

$ 73,037

$ 56,339

$ 34,708

$ 59,389

$ 47,185

$ 33,890

$ 35,505

$ 25,738

$ 16,898

$ 10,136

$ 13,644

$ 8,663

$ 19,617

$ 16,003

$ 9,683

$ 14,087

$ 11,551

$ 8,557

$ -

$ -

$ -

$ 51,859

$ 37,462

$ 24,409

$ 53,420

$ 40,337

$ 25,025

$ 45,302

$ 35,633

$ 25,333

$ 35,505

$ 25,738

$ 16,898

7,777,202

5,915,712

3,597,199

3,290,193

2,019,228

1,125,049

1,410,037

1,034,433

670,237

$ 1,247,366

958,035

660,894

$ 0.00

$ 0.00

$ 0.00

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ -

$ -

$ -

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.01

$ 0.02

$ 0.03

$ 0.03

$ 0.04

$ 0.05

$ 0.05

$ 0.03

$ 0.03

$ 0.03

Adjusted Partner Network CPS and RPS

Revenue (9)

Agency Fees (5), (9)

Direct Adjusted Gross Profit

Network Sessions (6)

Network CPS (7)

Network RPS (8)

$ 61,995

$ 10,136

$ 51,859

7,777,202

$ 0.00

$ 0.01

(1) Advertising spend is the amount of advertising that is spent to acquire traffic to Owned & Operated websites

(2) O&O sessions are the total number of monetizable user visits to Owned & Operated websites

(3) CPS is advertising spend divided by O&O Sessions

(4) RPS is O&O Revenue divided by O&O Sessions

(5) Agency fees are the amount of costs for agencies acquiring traffic to Owned & Operated websites

(6) Network sessions are the number of monetizable user visits delivered by network partners to RAMP

(7) CPS is agency fees divided by Network Sessions

(8) RPS is Partner Network revenue divided by Network Sessions

(9) Revenue and Agency fees adjustment for Q4 24 out-of-period adjustment related to gross versus net revenue classification. Adjustment adjusts historical revenue and agency fees for the period in which the adjustment occured.