2025 Q4 Consolidated Financial Report

ENNOSTAR INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

For the convenience of readers and for information purpose only, the auditors' report and the accompanying financial statements have been translated into English from the original Chinese version prepared and used in the Republic of China. In the event of any discrepancy between the English version and the original Chinese version or any differences in the interpretation of the two versions, the Chinese-language auditors' report and financial statements shall prevail.

ENNOSTAR Inc.

Declaration of Consolidated Financial Statements of Affiliated Enterprises

For the year ended December 31, 2025, pursuant to "Criteria Governing Preparation of Affiliation Reports, Consolidated Business Reports and Consolidated Financial Statements of Affiliated Enterprises," the company that is required to be included in the consolidated financial statements of affiliates, is the same as the company required to be included in the consolidated financial statements of parent and subsidiary companies under International Financial Reporting Standard No. 10. Also, if relevant information that should be disclosed in the consolidated financial statements of affiliates has all been disclosed in the consolidated financial statements of parent and subsidiary companies, it shall not be required to prepare separate consolidated financial statements of affiliates.

Hereby declare,

ENNOSTAR Inc.

Representative: Shuang-Lang (Paul) Peng March 6, 2026

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT

PWCR25000448

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of ENNOSTAR Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ENNOSTAR Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Group") as at December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, of changes in equity and of cash flows for the years then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of material accounting policies.

In our opinion, based on our audits and the reports of other independent auditors, as described in the other matters section of our report, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Group as at December 31, 2025 and 2024, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers and the International Financial Reporting Standards Accounting Standards, International Accounting Standards, IFRIC Interpretations, and SIC Interpretations that came into effect as endorsed by the Financial Supervisory Commission.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the Regulations Governing Financial Statement Auditing and Attestation Engagements of Certified Public Accountants and Standards on Auditing of the Republic of China. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the Norm of Professional Ethics for Certified Public Accountants of the Republic of China, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole and, in forming our opinion thereon, we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

Key audit matters in relation to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025 are outlined as follows:

Description

Please refer to Note 4(14) of the consolidated financial statements for the accounting policy on inventory valuation, Note 5(2) for the accounting estimates and assumptions in relation to inventory valuation, Note 6(6) for the explanations regarding inventory valuation. As of December 31, 2025, the balances of inventories and the allowance for valuation loss were NT$4,899,319 thousand and NT$609,674 thousand, respectively.

The Group is primarily engaged in manufacturing and sales of LED wafers, chips, packages and modules. Due to rapid technological developments, short product lifespans and frequent fluctuations of market prices, the risk of decline in market value and obsolescence for inventories is high. The Group evaluates net realized values for inventories which aged over a specific period of time and specific obsolete inventories in order to provide allowance for valuation loss. Since the identification of the above obsolete inventories and their respective net realizable values are subject to management's judgment, it was identified as one of the key audit matters.

How our audit addressed the matter

Our key audit procedures performed in respect of the above included the following:

1. Obtained an understanding of the Group's operations and the nature of its industry and interviewed with management to understand the probability of future sales for those out-of-date inventories and to evaluate the reasonableness of allowance for valuation loss.

2. Obtained and validated the accuracy of the detailed listings of inventories aged over a specific period of time and specific obsolete inventories. Validated information of historical sales and discounts for those obsolete inventories to assess the reasonableness of policies in providing allowance for inventory valuation loss.

We did not audit the financial statements of certain consolidated subsidiaries. Those financial statements were audited by other independent auditors, whose reports thereon have been furnished to us, and our opinion expressed herein, insofar as it relates to the amounts included in the financial statements and the information on the consolidated subsidiaries disclosed in Note 13 was based solely on the reports of other independent auditors. Total assets of those consolidated subsidiaries amounted to NT$344,408 thousand and NT$279,407 thousand, constituting 0.67% and 0.47% of the consolidated total assets as at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and total operating revenues were both NT$0 thousand for the years then ended, constituting 0% of the consolidated total operating revenues as at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Furthermore, we did not audit the 2025 and 2024 financial statements of certain equity investments accounted for using equity method. Those financial statements were audited by other independent auditors whose reports thereon were furnished to us and our opinion expressed herein, insofar as it relates to the amounts included in the consolidated financial statements and certain information disclosed in Note 13 relative to these investments, is based solely on the reports of the other independent auditors. These equity investments amounted to NT$1,173,429 thousand and NT$1,458,854 thousand, representing 2.27% and 2.45% of the consolidated total assets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and their comprehensive loss (including share of loss of associates and joint ventures accounted for using equity method and share of other comprehensive (loss)/income of associates and joint ventures accounted for using equity method) amounted to NT$23,448

thousand and NT$289,026 thousand, representing 0.68% and (116.03%) of the consolidated comprehensive income (loss) for the years then ended.

We have also expressed an unmodified opinion on the parent company only financial statements of ENNOSTAR Inc. as at and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers and the International Financial Reporting Standards Accounting Standards, International Accounting Standards, IFRIC Interpretations, and SIC Interpretations that came into effect as endorsed by the Financial Supervisory Commission, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Group's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Those charged with governance, including the audit committee, are responsible for overseeing the Group's financial reporting process.

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Standards on Auditing of the Republic of China will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with Standards on Auditing of the Republic of China, we exercise professional judgment and professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

1. Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

2. Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group's internal control.

3. Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.

4. Conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern.

5. Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

6. Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the Group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.

Li, Tien-Yi Chou, Chien-Hung

For and on Behalf of PricewaterhouseCoopers, Taiwan March 6, 2026

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are not intended to present the financial position and results of operations and cash flows in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in countries and jurisdictions other than the Republic of China. The standards, procedures and practices in the Republic of China governing the audit of such financial statements may differ from those generally accepted in countries and jurisdictions other than the Republic of China. Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements and independent auditors' report are not intended for use by those who are not informed about the accounting principles or auditing standards generally accepted in the Republic of China, and their applications in practice.

As the financial statements are the responsibility of the management, PricewaterhouseCoopers cannot accept any liability for the use of, or reliance on, the English translation or for any errors or misunderstandings that may derive from the translation.

ENNOSTAR INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)

December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024

Assets Notes AMOUNT % AMOUNT %

(Continued)

ENNOSTAR INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)

December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024

Liabilities and Equity Notes AMOUNT % AMOUNT %

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENNOSTAR INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars, except as otherwise indicated)

Year ended December 31

2025 2024

(Continued)

ENNOSTAR INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars, except as otherwise indicated)

Year ended December 31

2025 2024

Items Notes AMOUNT % AMOUNT %

8311 Gain on remeasurements of defined

benefit plans $ 66,882

8316 Unrealised (loss) gain from

investments in equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income

8320 Share of other comprehensive income of associates and joint

ventures accounted for using equity method, components of other

comprehensive (loss) income that will not be reclassified to profit or loss

8349 Income tax related to components of other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified to profit or loss

8310 Components of other

comprehensive (loss) income that will not be reclassified to profit or

6(3)

6(7)

6(7)(33)

( 978,638) (

( 428)

250,311 1 ( 115,994) ( 1)

loss ( 661,873) ( 3) 1,328,058 5

attributable to:

8710 Equity holders of the parent

company ($ 3,493,531) ( 15) $ 595,131 2

8720 Non-controlling interest $ 68,629 - ($ 346,041) ( 1)

Loss per share (NT$)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENNOSTAR INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)

Equity attributable to owners of the parent

Retained earnings Other equity interest

Share capital -

Unappropriated retained earnings

Cumulative translation differences of foreign

Unrealised gain (loss) from financial assets measured at fair value through other

Non-controlling

Notes common stock Capital surplus Legal reserve Special reserve (accumulated deficit) operations comprehensive income Treasury shares Total interest Total equity

2024

Balance at January 1, 2024 $ 7,529,405 $ 46,447,060 $ 216,945 $ 154,927 ($ 6,814,704 ) ($ 208,746 ) $ 184,450 ($ 135,163 ) $ 47,374,174 $ 1,770,562 $49,144,736

Loss for the year - - - - ( 1,385,074 ) - - - ( 1,385,074 ) ( 382,253 ) ( 1,767,327 )

Other comprehensive income for the year - - - - 36,558 652,147 1,291,500 - 1,980,205 36,212 2,016,417

Total comprehensive income (loss) - - - - ( 1,348,516 ) 652,147 1,291,500 - 595,131 ( 346,041 ) 249,090

Appropriation of 2023 earnings

Reversal of special reserve - - - ( 54,843 ) 54,843 - - - - - -Legal reserve used to offset accumulated deficits - - ( 216,945 ) - 216,945 - - - - - -Special reserve used to offset accumulated deficits - - - ( 100,084 ) 100,084 - - - - - -Capital surplus used to offset accumulated deficits 6(22)(23) - ( 6,442,833 ) - - 6,442,833 - - - - - -

Cash dividends from capital surplus 6(22) - ( 677,646 ) - - - - - - ( 677,646 ) - ( 677,646 )

Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries accounted for6(22)

using equity method

Change in equity of associates and joint ventures accounted 6(22) for using equity method

- ( 399,721 ) - - - - - - ( 399,721 ) - ( 399,721 )

- ( 11,226 ) - - - - - - ( 11,226 ) - ( 11,226 )

Adjustments of capital surplus for the Company's cash dividends received by subsidaries

Difference between consideration and carrying amount of subsidiaries acquired or disposed

6(22)

6(22)

- 1,178 - - - - - - 1,178 - 1,178

- ( 14,701 ) - - ( 42,308 ) - - - ( 57,009 ) - ( 57,009 )

Employee stock ownership trust cancellation return 6(22) - 1,596 - - - - - - 1,596 - 1,596 Retirement of treasury share 6(21) ( 150,000 ) ( 500,650 ) - - - - - 650,650 - - -Purchase of treasury shares 6(21) - - - - - - - ( 650,650 ) ( 650,650 ) - ( 650,650 )

Disposal of equity investments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income

6(24)

- - - - ( 31,814 ) - 31,814 - - - -

Non-controlling interests - - - - - - - - - ( 61,130 ) ( 61,130 )

Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 7,379,405 $ 38,403,057 $ - $ - ($ 1,422,637 ) $ 443,401 $ 1,507,764 ($ 135,163 ) $ 46,175,827 $ 1,363,391 $47,539,218

2025

Balance at January 1, 2025 $ 7,379,405 $ 38,403,057 $ - $ - ($ 1,422,637 ) $ 443,401 $ 1,507,764 ($ 135,163 ) $ 46,175,827 $ 1,363,391 $47,539,218

(Loss) profit for the year - - - - ( 2,714,954 ) - - - ( 2,714,954 ) 62,719 ( 2,652,235 )

Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year - - - - 68,619 ( 117,081 ) ( 730,115 ) - ( 778,577 ) 5,910 ( 772,667 )

Total comprehensive income (loss) - - - - ( 2,646,335 ) ( 117,081 ) ( 730,115 ) - ( 3,493,531 ) 68,629 ( 3,424,902 )

Capital surplus used to offset accumulated deficits 6(22)(23) - ( 1,422,637 ) - - 1,422,637 - - - - - -Cash dividends from capital surplus 6(22)(23) - ( 664,146 ) - - - - - - ( 664,146 ) - ( 664,146 ) Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries accounted for6(22)

using equity method

Change in equity of associates and joint ventures accounted 6(22) for using equity method

- 11,334 - - - - - - 11,334 - 11,334

- ( 202,516 ) - - ( 394,100 ) - - - ( 596,616 ) - ( 596,616 )

Adjustments of capital surplus for the Company's cash dividends received by subsidaries

Difference between consideration and carrying amount of subsidiaries acquired or disposed

6(22)

6(22)

- 1,154 - - - - - - 1,154 - 1,154

- ( 88 ) - - ( 33,948 ) - - - ( 34,036 ) - ( 34,036 )

Employee stock ownership trust cancellation return 6(22) - 1,492 - - - - - - 1,492 - 1,492

Other changes in capital surplus 6(22) - 7,441 - - - - - - 7,441 - 7,441

Disposal of equity investments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income

6(24)

- - - - 387,479 - ( 387,479 ) - - - -

Non-controlling interests - - - - - - - - - ( 441,519 ) ( 441,519 )

Balance at December 31, 2025 $ 7,379,405 $ 36,135,091 $ - $ - ($ 2,686,904 ) $ 326,320 $ 390,170 ($ 135,163 ) $ 41,408,919 $ 990,501 $42,399,420

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENNOSTAR INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)

Year ended December 31

(Continued)

ENNOSTAR INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)

Year ended December 31

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENNOSTAR INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars, except as otherwise indicated)

1. HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION

   ENNOSTAR Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated on January 6, 2021. The Company's shares have been traded on the Taiwan Stock Exchange in the Republic of China since the date of its incorporation. The share exchange transaction, wherein the Company was established by Ennostar Corporation (formerly Epistar Corporation, "Ennostar") and acquired all issued and outstanding ordinary shares of Ennostar and Lextar Electronics Corp. (" Lextar") by way of share exchange, has been approved both at Ennostar's board meeting on June 18, 2020 and special shareholders' meeting on August 7, 2020. The share exchange was conducted at an exchange ratio of 1 ordinary share of Ennostar and Lextar for 0.5 and 0.275 ordinary share of the Company, respectively. As a result, Ennostar and Lextar became wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company on January 6, 2021, and both Ennostar's and Lextar's ordinary shares have been delisted while the ordinary shares of the Company were listed starting from the same date under the symbol "3714".

   The Company and its subsidiaries (collectively referred herein as the "Group") are engaged in the research and development, manufacturing and sales of EPI wafers and chips of A1GaInP, AlGaAs and InGaN and light-emitting diode packages and modules.

2. THE DATE OF AUTHORIZATION FOR ISSUANCE OF THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR AUTHORIZATION

   These consolidated financial statements were authorized for issuance by the Board of Directors on March 6, 2026.

3. APPLICATION OF NEW STANDARDS, AMENDMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS

   1. Effect of the adoption of new issuances of or amendments to International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS®") Accounting Standards that came into effect as endorsed by the Financial Supervisory Commission ("FSC")

      New standards, interpretations and amendments endorsed by the FSC and became effective from 2025 are as follows:

      Effective date by International Accounting

      New Standards, Interpretations and Amendments Standards Board (IASB) Amendments to IAS 21, 'Lack of exchangeability' January 1, 2025

      The above standards and interpretations have no significant impact to the Group's financial condition

      and financial performance based on the Group's assessment.

   2. Effect of new issuances of or amendments to IFRS Accounting Standards as endorsed by the FSC but not yet adopted by the Group

      New standards, interpretations and amendments endorsed by the FSC effective from 2026 are as follows:

      New Standards, Interpretations and Amendments Effective date by IASB

      Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7, 'Amendments to the classification and measurement of financial instruments'

      Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7, 'Contracts referencing nature-dependent electricity'

      January 1, 2026

      January 1, 2026

      IFRS 17, 'Insurance contracts' January 1, 2023

      Amendments to IFRS 17, 'Insurance contracts' January 1, 2023

      Amendment to IFRS 17, 'Initial application of IFRS 17 and IFRS 9 -comparative information'

      January 1, 2023

      Annual Improvements to IFRS Accounting Standards-Volume 11 January 1, 2026

      The above standards and interpretations have no significant impact to the Group's financial condition and financial performance based on the Group's assessment.

   3. IFRS Accounting Standards issued by IASB but not yet endorsed by the FSC

      New standards, interpretations and amendments issued by IASB but not yet included in the IFRS Accounting Standards as endorsed by the FSC are as follows:

      New Standards, Interpretations and Amendments Effective date by IASB

      Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28, 'Sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture'

      To be determined by IASB

      IFRS 18, 'Presentation and disclosure in financial statements' January 1, 2027(Note) IFRS 19, 'Subsidiaries without public accountability: disclosures' January 1, 2027

      Amendments to IAS 21, 'Translation to a Hyperinflationary Presentation Currency'

      January 1, 2027

      Note：The FSC has announced in a press release on September 25, 2025 that public companies will apply IFRS 18 starting from the fiscal year 2028. Additionally, entities can choose to adopt IFRS 18 earlier based on their requirements after the FSC endorses IFRS 18.

      Except for the following, the above standards and interpretations have no significant impact to the Group's financial condition and financial performance based on the Group's assessment. The quantitative impact will be disclosed when the assessment is complete.

      IFRS 18, 'Presentation and disclosure in financial statements'

      IFRS 18, 'Presentation and disclosure in financial statements' replaces IAS 1. The standard introduces a defined structure of the statement of profit or loss, disclosure requirements related to management-defined performance measures, and enhanced principles on aggregation and disaggregation which apply to the primary financial statements and notes.

4. SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

   The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the periods presented, unless otherwise stated.

   1. Compliance statement

      The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with the "Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers", IFRS Accounting Standards, IAS, IFRIC® Interpretations, and SIC® Interpretations came into effect as endorsed by the FSC (collectively referred herein as the "IFRSs").

   2. Basis of preparation

      1. Except for the following items, these consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention:

         1. Financial assets and financial liabilities (including derivative instruments) at fair value through profit or loss.

         2. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income.

         3. Defined benefit liabilities recognized based on the net amount of pension fund assets less present value of defined benefit obligation.

      2. The preparation of financial statements in compliance with IFRSs requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgment in the process of applying the Group's accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgment or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in Note 5.

   3. Basis of consolidation

      1. Basis for preparation of consolidated financial statements:

         1. All subsidiaries are included in the Group's consolidated financial statements. Subsidiaries are all entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. Consolidation of subsidiaries begins from the date the Group obtains control of the subsidiaries and ceases when the Group loses control of the subsidiaries.

         2. Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealized gains or losses on transactions between companies within the Group are eliminated. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.

         3. Profit or loss and each component of other comprehensive income are attributed to the owners of the parent and to the non-controlling interests. Total comprehensive income is attributed to the owners of the parent and to the non-controlling interests even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance.

         4. Changes in a parent's ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in the parent losing control of the subsidiary (transactions with non-controlling interests) are accounted for as equity transactions, i.e. transactions with owners in their capacity as owners. Any difference between the amount by which the non-controlling interests are adjusted and the fair value of the consideration paid or received is recognized directly in equity.

         5. When the Group loses control of a subsidiary, the Group remeasures any investment retained in the former subsidiary at its fair value. That fair value is regarded as the fair value on initial recognition of a financial asset or the cost on initial recognition of the associate or joint venture. Any difference between fair value and carrying amount is recognized in profit or loss. All amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to the subsidiary are reclassified to profit or loss, on the same basis as would be required if the related assets or liabilities were disposed of. That is, when the Group loses control of a subsidiary, all gains or losses previously recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to the subsidiary should be reclassified from equity to profit or loss, if such gains or losses would be reclassified to profit or loss when the related assets or liabilities are disposed of.

      2. Subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements:

         Ownership

         Name of

         Main Business

         December 31,

         December 31,

         Investor Name of Subsidiary Activities 2025 2024 Note

         ENNOSTAR Inc.	Ennostar Corporation	Researching,	100%	100%	Note 8
         		developing,
         		manufacturing and
         		sales of LED wafers
         ENNOSTAR Inc.	Lextar Electronics	and chips Researching,	100%	100%	Note 8
         	Corp.	developing,
         		manufacturing and
         		sales of LED wafers,
         		packages and
         		modules
         ENNOSTAR Inc.	Harvestar Investment	General investment	100%	100%
         	Corp.
         ENNOSTAR Inc.	Calystar Investment	General investment	100%	100%
         	Corp.
         ENNOSTAR Inc.	Amengine	Developing,	-	75.96%	Note 2
         	Corporation	manufacturing and
         		sales of optical
         		sensing modules
         Ennostar	Lighting Investment	General investment	100%	100%
         Corporation	Corp.
         Ennostar	Epistar JV Holding	General investment	100%	100%
         Corporation	(BVI) Co., Ltd.
         Ennostar	Unikorn	OEM manufacturing	100%	100%
         Corporation	Semiconductor	of iii-v
         	Corporation	semiconductors
         Ennostar	GaN Force	Design,	64.32%	64.32%	Note 1
         Corporation	Corporation	manfacturing and
         		sales of
         		semiconductor
         		materials and
         		modules
         Ennostar	Can Yang	General investment	3.53%	3.53%
         Corporation	Investments Limited
         Epistar JV Holding	LiteStar JV	General investment	82.41%	82.41%
         (BVI) Co., Ltd.	Holding (BVI)
         	Co., Ltd.
         Epistar JV Holding	United LED	General investment	74.86%	74.86%
         (BVI) Co., Ltd.	Corporation Hong
         	Kong Limited

         Ownership

         Name of

         Main Business

         December 31,

         December 31,

         Investor Name of Subsidiary Activities 2025 2024 Note

         Epistar JV Holding (BVI) Co., Ltd.	Episky (Hong Kong) Ltd.	General investment	100%	100%
         Epistar JV Holding (BVI) Co., Ltd.	HUGA Holding (SAMOA) Limited	General investment	100%	100%
         Epistar JV Holding (BVI) Co., Ltd.	Can Yang Investments Limited	General investment	88.21%	88.21%
         LiteStar JV Holding (BVI) Co., Ltd.	Epicrystal (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd.	General investment	100%	100%
         Epicrystal (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd.	Epicrystal Corporation (ChangZhou) Ltd.	Manufacturing and sales of LED wafers and chips	93.38%	93.38%
         United LED Corporation Hong Kong Limited	United LED Shan Dong Corporation	Information technology consulting services	100%	100%	Note 7
         Episky (Hong Kong) Ltd.	Episky Corporation (Xiamen) Ltd.	Manufacturing and sales of LED chips	100%	100%
         Episky Corporation (Xiamen) Ltd.	Epicrystal Corporation (ChangZhou) Ltd.	Manufacturing and sales of LED wafers and chips	3.31%	3.31%
         Episky Corporation (Xiamen) Ltd.	Shenzhen Epikylin Optoelectronics Co.,Ltd.	Sales of LED chips	-	100%	Note 3
         Lighting Investment Corp.	Lighting Investment Ltd.	General investment	100%	100%
         Lighting Investment Corp.	Can Yang Investments Limited	General investment	6.87%	6.87%
         Lighting Investment Corp.	GaN Force Corporation	Design, manfacturing and sales of semiconductor materials and modules	35.68%	35.68%	Note 1
         Lighting Investment Ltd.	Luxlite (HK) Corporation Limited	General investment	-	100%	Note 4
         Can Yang Investments Limited	Jiangsu Canyang Optoelectronics Ltd.	Manufacturing and sales of LED wafers and chips	100%	100%

         Ownership

         Name of

         Main Business

         December 31,

         December 31,

         Investor Name of Subsidiary Activities 2025 2024 Note

         ProLight Opto Technology Corporation	ProLight Opto Holding Corporation	General investment	100%	100%
         ProLight Opto Holding Corporation	ProLight Opto Technology Corporation	General investment	100%	100%
         ProLight Opto Technology Corporation	Shanghai Welight Electronic Co., LTD	Wholesale and export and import of LED and related products	100%	100%
         Lextar Electronics Corp.	LEXTAR (SINGAPORE) PTE. LTD.	General investment	100%	100%
         Lextar Electronics Corp.	Liang Li Venture Corp.	General investment	100%	100%
         Lextar Electronics Corp.	Wellypower Optronics Corporation	General investment	100%	100%
         Lextar Electronics Corp.	Apower Optronics Corporation	General investment	100%	100%
         Lextar Electronics Corp.	Wellybond Corporation	General investment	100%	100%
         Lextar Electronics Corp.	Trendylite Corporation	Sales of LED products	53.84%	53.84%
         Lextar Electronics Corp.	Hexawave, Inc.	Manufacturing and sales of compound semiconductor materials and modules	-	31.48%	Note 5
         Lextar Electronics Corp.	ProLight Opto Technology Corporation	Manufacturing and sales of LED packages	-	9.84%	Note 6
         Lextar (Singapore) PTE. LTD., Wellypower Optronics Corporation and Apower Optronics Corporation	Lextar Electronics (Suzhou) Corp.	Manufacturing and sales of LED and modules	100%	100%
         Lextar (Singapore) PTE. LTD.	Lextar Electronics Korea Ltd.	Sale of LED and after-sales service	100%	100%

         Ownership

         Name of

         Main Business

         December 31,

         December 31,

         Investor Name of Subsidiary Activities 2025 2024 Note

         Liang Li Venture Corp.	ProLight Opto Technology Corporation	Manufacturing and sales of LED packages	-	9.84%	Note 6
         Wellybond	Vogito Innovation	Design,developing,	50%	50%
         Corporation	Co., Ltd.	reasearching and
         		sales of health care
         		products
         Wellybond	ProLight Opto	Manufacturing and	100%	34.01%	Note 6
         Corporation	Technology	sales of LED
         	Corporation	packages
         Wellybond	Hexawave, Inc.	Manufacturing and	-	31.47%	Note 5
         Corporation		sales of compound
         		semiconductor
         		materials and
         Wellybond	Trendylite	modules Sales of LED	40.37%	40.37%
         Corporation	Corporation	products
         Lextar Electronics	Lextar Electronics	Manufacturing and	100%	100%
         (Suzhou) Corp.	(Chuzhou) Corp.	sales of LED and
         		modules

         Note 1: GaN Force Corporation has applied for liquidation in 2023.

         Note 2: As the Company transferred the shares of Amengine Corporation and resigned the director's position, Amengine Corporation has been excluded from the consolidated entity since June 2025.

         Note 3: Shenzhen Epikylin Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. had completed liquidation in June 2025. Note 4: Luxlite(HK) Corporation Limited had completed liquidation in July 2025.

         Note 5: As Lextar Electronics Corp. and Wellybond Corporation transferred the shares of

         Hexawave, Inc. and resigned the director's position, Hexawave, Inc. has been excluded from the consolidated entity since September 2025.

         Note 6: Due to the reorganization, the shares of ProLight Opto Technology Corporation originally held by Lextar Electronics Corp. and Liang Li Venture Corp. are now held by Wellybond Corporation, as of December 31, 2025, the shareholding ratios of Wellybond Corporation, in ProLight Opto Technology Corporation is 100%.

         Note 7: United LED Shan Dong Corporation has applied for liquidation in 2025.

         Note 8: On January 1, 2026, Ennostar Corporation merged with Lextar Electronics Corp., with Ennostar Corporation as the surviving company.

      3. Subsidiaries not included in the consolidated financial statements: None.

      4. Adjustments for subsidiaries with different balance sheet dates: None.

      5. Significant restrictions: None.

      6. Subsidiaries that have non-controlling interest that are material to the Group: None.

   4. Foreign currency translation

      Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group's entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the "functional currency"). The consolidated financial statements are presented in New Taiwan dollars, which is the Company's functional and the Group's presentation currency.

      1. Foreign currency transactions and balances

         1. Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or valuation where items are remeasured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

         2. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the period end are re-translated at the exchange rates prevailing at the end of the reporting period. Exchange differences arising upon re-translation at the balance sheet date are recognized in profit or loss.

         3. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies held at fair value through profit or loss are re-translated at the exchange rates prevailing at the end of the reporting period; their translation differences are recognized in profit or loss as part of the fair value gain or loss. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies held at fair value through other comprehensive income are re-translated at the exchange rates prevailing at the end of the reporting period; their translation differences are recognized in other comprehensive income. However, non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are not measured at fair value are translated using the historical exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions.

         4. All other foreign exchange gains and losses based on the nature of those transactions are presented in the statement of comprehensive income within "other gains and losses".

      2. Translation of foreign operations

         1. The operating results and financial position of all the group entities that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:

            1. Assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing exchange rate at the end of the reporting period;

            2. Income and expenses for each statement of comprehensive income are translated at average exchange rate of that period; and

            3. All resulting exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive income.

         2. When the foreign operation partially disposed of or sold is an associate or jointly controlled entity, exchange differences that were recorded in other comprehensive income are proportionately reclassified to profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on sale. In addition, even when the Group still retains partial interest in the former foreign associate or jointly controlled entity after losing significant influence over the former foreign associate, or losing joint control of the former jointly controlled entity, such transactions should be accounted for as disposal of all interest in these foreign operations.

         3. When the foreign operation partially disposed of or sold is a subsidiary, cumulative exchange differences that were recorded in other comprehensive income are proportionately transferred to the non-controlling interest in this foreign operation. In addition, even when the Group still retains partial interest in the former foreign subsidiary after losing control of the former foreign subsidiary, such transactions should be accounted for as disposal of all interest in the foreign operation.

         4. Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign entity are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign entity and translated at the closing exchange rates at the balance sheet date.

   5. Classification of current and non-current items

      1. Assets that meet one of the following criteria are classified as current assets; otherwise they are classified as non-current assets:

         1. Assets that are expected to be realized, or are intended to be sold or consumed in the normal operating cycle;

         2. Assets that are held primarily for the purpose of trading;

         3. Assets that are expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period;

         4. Cash and cash equivalents, excluding restricted cash and cash equivalents and those that are to be exchanged or used to pay off liabilities for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

      2. Liabilities that meet one of the following criteria are classified as current liabilities; otherwise they are classified as non-current liabilities:

         1. Liabilities that are expected to be settled in the normal operating cycle;

         2. Liabilities that are held primarily for the purpose of trading;

         3. Liabilities that are due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period;

         4. It does not have the right at the end of the reporting period to defer settlement of the liability at least twelve months after the reporting period.

   6. Cash equivalents

      Cash equivalents refer to short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Time deposits that meet the definition above and are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments in operations are classified as cash equivalents.

   7. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

      1. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are financial assets that are not measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income.

      2. On a regular way purchase or sale basis, the derivative financial assets are recognised and derecognised using trade date accounting, the beneficiary certificates are recognised and derecognised using settlement date accounting.

      3. At initial recognition, the Group measures the financial liabilities at fair value. All related transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss. The Group subsequently measures these financial liabilities at fair value with any gain or loss recognised in profit or loss.

      4. The Group recognises the dividend income when the right to receive payment is established, future economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

   8. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

      1. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income comprise equity securities which are not held for trading, and for which the Group has made an irrevocable election at initial recognition to recognise changes in fair value in other comprehensive income.

      2. On a regular way purchase or sale basis, financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income are recognised and derecognised using trade date accounting.

      3. At initial recognition, the Group measures the financial assets at fair value plus transaction costs. The Group subsequently measures the financial assets at fair value:

         The changes in fair value of equity investments that were recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to retained earnings and are not reclassified to profit or loss following the derecognition of the investment. Dividends are recognised as revenue when the right to receive payment is established, future economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

   9. Financial assets at amortised cost

      1. Financial assets at amortised cost are those that meet all of the following criteria:

         1. The objective of the Group's business model is achieved by collecting contractual cash flows.

         2. The assets' contractual cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest.

      2. On a regular way purchase or sale basis, financial assets at amortised cost are recognised and derecognised using trade date accounting.

      3. At initial recognition, the Group measures the financial assets at fair value plus transaction costs. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest method. A gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired.

      4. The Group's time deposits which do not fall under cash equivalents are those with a short maturity period and are measured at initial investment amount as the effect of discounting is immaterial.

   10. Accounts and notes receivable

       1. Accounts and notes receivable entitle the Group a legal right to receive consideration in exchange for transferred goods or rendered services.

       2. The short-term accounts and notes receivable without bearing interest are subsequently measured at initial invoice amount as the effect of discounting is immaterial.

   11. Impairment of financial assets

       For financial assets at amortised at each reporting date, the Group recognises the impairment provision for 12 months expected credit losses if there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition or recognises the impairment provision for the lifetime expected credit losses (ECLs) if such credit risk has increased since initial recognition after taking into consideration all reasonable and verifiable information that includes forecasts. On the other hand, for accounts receivable that do not contain a significant financing component, the Group recognises the impairment provision for lifetime ECLs.

   12. Derecognition of financial assets

       The Group derecognizes a financial asset when one of the following conditions is met:

       1. The contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset expire.

       2. The contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have been transferred and the Group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets.

       3. The Group neither retains nor transfers substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset; however, it has not retained control of the financial asset.

   13. Leasing arrangements (lessor)－operating leases

       Lease income from an operating lease (net of any incentives given to the lessee) is recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

   14. Inventories

       Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted-average method. The cost of finished goods and work in progress comprise raw materials, direct labor, other direct costs and related production overheads (allocated based on normal operating capacity). It excludes borrowing costs the item by item approach is used in applying the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated cost of completion and applicable variable selling expenses.

   15. Non-current assets held for sale

       Non-current assets are classified as assets held for sale when their carrying amount is to be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use, and a sale is considered highly probable. They are stated at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

   16. Investments accounted for using equity method - associates

       1. Associates are all entities over which the Group has significant influence but no control. In general, it is presumed that the investor has significant influence, if an investor holds, directly or indirectly 20 percent or more of the voting power of the investee. Investments in associates are accounted for using equity method and are initially recognized at cost.

       2. The Group's share of its associates' post-acquisition profits or losses is recognized in profit or loss, and its share of post-acquisition movements in other comprehensive income is recognized in other comprehensive income. When the Group's share of losses in an associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, including any other unsecured receivables, the Group does not recognize further losses, unless it has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.

       3. When changes in an associate's equity that are not recognized in profit or loss or other comprehensive income of the associate and such changes does not affect the Group's ownership percentage of the associate, the Group recognizes change in ownership interests in the associate in 'capital surplus' in proportion to its ownership.

       4. Unrealized gains on transactions between the Group and its associates are eliminated to the extent of the Group's interest in the associates. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of associates have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.

       5. In the case that an associate issues new shares and the Group does not subscribe or acquire new shares proportionately, which results in a change in the Group's ownership percentage of the associate but maintains significant influence on the associate, then 'capital surplus' and 'investments accounted for using equity method' shall be adjusted for the increase or decrease of its share of equity interest. If the above condition causes a decrease in the Group's ownership percentage of the associate, in addition to the above adjustment, the amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to the associate are reclassified to profit or loss proportionately on the same basis as would be required if the relevant assets or liabilities were disposed of.

       6. Upon loss of significant influence over an associate, the Group remeasures any investment retained in the former associate at its fair value. Any difference between fair value and carrying amount is recognized in profit or loss.

       7. When the Group disposes its investment in an associate, if it loses significant influence over this associate, the amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to the associate, are reclassified to profit or loss, on the same basis as would be required if the relevant assets or liabilities were disposed of. If it still retains significant influence over this associate, then the amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to the associate are reclassified to profit or loss proportionately in accordance with the aforementioned approach.

       8. When the Group disposes its investment in an associate, if it loses significant influence over this associate, the amounts previously recognized as capital surplus in relation to the associate are transferred to profit or loss. If it still retains significant influence over this associate, then the amounts previously recognized as capital surplus in relation to the associate are transferred to profit or loss proportionately.

       9. At the end of the reporting period, the Group performs an impairment test for an investment in an associate when there is an indication that the investment may be impaired. The entire carrying amount of the investment (including goodwill) is tested for impairment as a single asset, by comparing its recoverable amount (higher of value in use and fair value less costs of disposal) with its carrying amount. Any impairment loss recognized forms part of the carrying amount of the investment. Any reversal of impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the recoverable amount of theinvestment subsequently increases.

   17. Property, plant and equipment

       1. Property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at cost. Borrowing costs incurred during the construction period are capitalized.

       2. Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss during the financial period in which they are incurred.

       3. Land is not depreciated. Other property, plant and equipment apply cost model and are depreciated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost over their estimated useful lives. Each part of an item of property, plant, and equipment with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item must be depreciated separately.

       4. The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each financial year-end. If expectations for the assets' residual values and useful lives differ from previous estimates or the patterns of consumption of the assets' future economic benefits embodied in the assets have changed significantly, any change is accounted for as a change in estimate under IAS 8, 'Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors', from the date of the change.

          The estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment are as follows:

          Buildings and structures 20 ~ 50 years

          Plant and construction 2 ~ 15 years

          Machinery 2 ~ 20 years

          Office equipment 2 ~ 20 years

          Leasehold improvements 3 ~ 15 years

          Other equipment 2 ~ 20 years

   18. Leasing arrangements (lessee)－right-of-use assets / lease liabilities

       1. Leases are recognised as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability at the date at which the leased asset is available for use by the Group. For short-term leases or leases of low-value assets, lease payments are recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

       2. Lease liabilities include the net present value of the remaining lease payments at the commencement date, discounted using the incremental borrowing interest rate.

          Lease payments are comprised of the following:

          1. Fixed payments, less any lease incentives receivable;

          2. Variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate; and

          3. Payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising that option.

             The Group subsequently measures the lease liability at amortised cost using the interest method and recognises interest expense over the lease term. The lease liability is remeasured and the amount of remeasurement is recognised as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset when there are changes in the lease term or lease payments and such changes do not arise from contract modifications.

       3. At the commencement date, the right-of-use asset is stated at cost comprising the following:

          1. The amount of the initial measurement of lease liability;

          2. Any lease payments made at or before the commencement date;

          3. Any initial direct costs incurred by the lessee; and

          4. An estimate of costs to be incurred by the lessee in dismantling and removing the underlying asset, restoring the site on which it is located or restoring the underlying asset to the condition required by the terms and conditions of the lease.

             The right-of-use asset is measured subsequently using the cost model and is depreciated from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the asset's useful life or the end of the lease term. When the lease liability is remeasured, the amount of remeasurement is recognised as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset.

       4. For lease modifications that decrease the scope of the lease, the lessee shall decrease the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset and remeasure the lease liability to reflect the partial or full termination of the lease, and recognise the difference in profit or loss. For all other lease modifications, the lessee shall remeasure the lease liability and adjust the right-of-use asset, correspondingly.

   19. Investment property

       An investment property is stated initially at its cost and measured subsequently using the cost model. Except for land, investment property is depreciated on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life of 20 ~ 50 years.

   20. Intangible assets

       1. Patents

          Patents are stated at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over their legal terms or economic service lives, whichever is shorter.

       2. Technology know-how

          Technology know-how is stated at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over their economic service lives.

       3. Computer software

          Computer software is stated at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 2 ~ 10 years.

       4. Goodwill

          Goodwill arising from a business combination is accounted for by applying the acquisition method.

       5. Other intangible assets

          Other intangible assets, mainly electricity facilities, are stated at cost and amortized using the straight-line method over 3 to 5 years.

   21. Impairment of non-financial assets

       1. The Group assesses at each reporting date the recoverable amounts of those assets where there is an indication that they are impaired. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs to sell or value in use. Except for goodwill, when the circumstances or reasons for recognizing impairment loss for an asset in prior years no longer exist or diminish, the impairment loss is reversed. The increased carrying amount due to reversal should not be more than what the depreciated or amortized historical cost would have been if the impairment had not been recognized.

       2. The recoverable amounts of goodwill and intangible assets that have not yet been available for use are evaluated periodically. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment loss of goodwill previously recognized in profit or loss shall not be reversed in the following years.

       3. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to each of the cash-generating units, or groups of cash-generating units, that is/are expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination. Each unit or group of units to which the goodwill is allocated represents the lowest level within the entity at which the goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes. Goodwill is monitored at the operating segment level.

   22. Borrowings

       1. Borrowings comprise of long-term and short-term bank borrowings. Borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently stated at amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds and the redemption value is recognized in profit or loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

       2. Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognized as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the drawn-down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalized as a prepayment for liquidity services and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.

   23. Notes and accounts payable

       1. Accounts payable are liabilities for purchases of raw materials, goods or services and notes payable are those resulting from operating and non-operating activities.

       2. The short-term notes and accounts payable without bearing interest are subsequently measured at initial invoice amount as the effect of discounting is immaterial.

   24. Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

       1. Financial liabilities are classified in this category of held for trading if acquired principally for the purpose of repurchasing in the short-term. Derivatives are also categorised as financial liabilities held for trading unless they are designated as hedges.

       2. At initial recognition, the Group measures the financial liabilities at fair value. All related transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss. The Group subsequently measures these financial liabilities at fair value with any gain or loss recognised in profit or loss.

   25. Derecognition of financial liabilities

       A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation specified in the contract is either discharged or cancelled or expires.

   26. Employee benefits

       1. Short-term employee benefits

          Short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in respect of service rendered by employees in a period and should be recognized as expenses in that period when the employees render service.

       2. Pensions

          1. Defined contribution plans

             For defined contribution plans, the contributions are recognized as pension expenses when they are due on an accrual basis. Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extent of a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments.

          2. Defined benefit plans

             1. Net obligation under a defined benefit plan is defined as the present value of an amount of pension benefits that employees will receive on retirement for their services with the Group in current period or prior periods. The liability recognized in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit pension plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit net obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The rate used to discount is determined by using interest rates of high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms to maturity approximating to the terms of the related pension liability; when there is no deep market in high-quality corporate bonds, the Group uses interest rates of government bonds (at the end of the reporting period) instead.

             2. Remeasurement arising on defined benefit plans are recognized in other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise and are recorded as retained earnings.

             3. Past service costs are recognized immediately in profit or loss.

       3. Termination benefits

          Termination benefits are employee benefits provided in exchange for the termination of employment as a result from either the Group's decision to terminate an employee's employment before the normal retirement date, or an employee's decision to accept an offer of redundancy benefits in exchange for the termination of employment. The Group recognises expense as it can no longer withdraw an offer of termination benefits or it recognises relating restructuring costs, whichever is earlier. Benefits that are expected to be due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period shall be discounted to their present value.

       4. Employees' compensation and directors' remuneration

          Employees' compensation and directors' remuneration are recognized as expenses and liabilities, provided that such recognition is required under legal obligation or constructive obligation and those amounts can be reliably estimated. Any difference between the resolved amounts and the subsequently actual distributed amounts is accounted for as changes in estimates.

   27. Employee share-based payment

       1. For the equity-settled share-based payment arrangements, the employee services received are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments granted at the grant date, and are recognized as compensation cost over the vesting period, with a corresponding adjustment to equity. The fair value of the equity instruments granted shall reflect the impact of market vesting conditions and vesting conditions. Compensation cost is subject to adjustment based on the service conditions that are expected to be satisfied and the estimates of the number of equity instruments that are expected to vest under the non-market vesting conditions at each balance sheet date. And ultimately, the amount of compensation cost recognized is based on the number of equity instruments that eventually vest.

       2. Treasury shares transferred to employees:

          1. Restricted stocks issued to employees are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments granted at the grant date, and are recognized as compensation cost over the vesting period.

          2. For treasury shares where employees have to pay to acquire those stocks, if employees resign during the vesting period, they must compensate the Group for the difference between the fair value of the equity instruments and their payments on the stocks.

       3. Restricted stocks:

          1. Restricted stocks issued to employees are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments granted at the grant date, and are recognised as compensation cost over the vesting period.

          2. For restricted stocks where those stocks do not restrict distribution of dividends to employees and employees are not required to return the dividends received if they resign during the vesting period, the Group recognises the fair value of the dividends received by the employees who are expected to resign during the vesting period as compensation cost at the date of dividends declared.

          3. For restricted stocks where employees have to pay to acquire those stocks, if employees resign during the vesting period, they must return the stocks to the Group and the Group must refund their payments on the stocks, the Group recognises the payments from the employees who are expected to resign during the vesting period as liabilities at the grant date, and recognises the payments from the employees who are expected to be eventually vested with the stocks in 'capital surplus - others'.

   28. Income tax

       1. The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognized in profit or loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or items recognized directly in equity, in which cases the tax is recognized in other comprehensive income or equity.

       2. The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period in the countries where the Company and its subsidiaries operate and generate taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in accordance with applicable tax regulations. It establishes provisions where appropriate based on the amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. An additional tax is levied on the unappropriated retained earnings and is recorded as income tax expense in the year when the stockholders resolve to retain the earnings.

       3. Deferred income tax is recognized, using the balance sheet liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. However, the deferred income tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of goodwill or of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss and does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences. Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries and associates, except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Group and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

       4. Deferred income tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized. At each reporting date, unrecognized and recognized deferred income tax assets are reassessed.

       5. Current income tax assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset on the balance sheet when the entity has the legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and they are levied by the same taxation authority on either the same entity or different entities that intend to settle on a net basis or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

       6. A deferred tax asset shall be recognised for the carryforward of unused tax credits resulting from research and development expenditures and equity investments to the extent that it is possible that future taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax credits can be utilised.

   29. Share capital

       1. Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or stock options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.

       2. Where the Company repurchases the Company's equity share capital that has been issued, the consideration paid, including any directly attributable incremental costs (net of income taxes) is deducted from equity attributable to the Company's equity holders. Where such shares are subsequently reissued, the difference between their book value and any consideration received, net of any directly attributable incremental transaction costs and the related income tax effects, is included in equity attributable to the Company's equity holders.

   30. Dividends

       Dividends are recorded in the Company's financial statements in the period in which they are resolved by the Company's Board of Directors. Cash dividends are recorded as liabilities.

   31. Revenue recognition

       1. Sales of goods:

          1. The Group is engaged in the research and development, manufacturing and sales of EPI wafers and chips of AlGaInP, AlGaAs and InGaN and light-emitting diode packages and modules. Sales are recognised when control of the products has transferred, being when the products are delivered to the customer, the wholesaler has full discretion over the channel and price to sell the products, and there is no unfulfilled obligation that could affect the customer's acceptance of the products. Delivery occurs when the products have been shipped to the specific location, the risks of obsolescence and loss have been transferred to the wholesaler, and either the customer has accepted the products in accordance with the sales contract, or the Group has objective evidence that all criteria for acceptance have been satisfied.

          2. Sales revenue is recognised on the net amount of contract price after deduction of sales discounts and allowances. The sales discounts and allowances were offered to customers based on aggregate sales over a 12-month period. Accumulated experience is used to estimate and provide for the sales discounts and allowances, using the expected value method, and revenue is only recognised to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal will not occur. The estimation is subject to an assessment at each reporting date. A refund liability is recognised for expected sales discounts and allowances payable to customers in relation to sales made until the end of the reporting period. No element of financing is deemed present as the sales are made with a credit term less than 1 year, which is consistent with market practice.

          3. The Group's obligation to provide a repair refund for faulty products under the standard warranty terms is recognised as a provision.

          4. A receivable is recognised when the goods are delivered as this is the point in time that the consideration is unconditional because only the passage of time is required before the payment is due.

       2. Revenue from licencing intellectual property

          1. The Group entered into a contract with a customer to grant a licence of patents and intellectual property to the customer. Given the licence is distinct from other promised goods or services in the contract, the Group recognises the revenue from licencing when the licence transfer to a customer either at a point in time or over time based on the nature of the licence granted. The nature of the Group's promise in granting a licence is a promise to provide a right to access the Group's intellectual property if the Group undertakes activities that significantly affect the patents and intellectual property to which the customer has rights, the customer is affected by the Group's activities and those activities do not result in the transfer of a good or a service to the customer as they occur. The royalties are recognised as revenue on a

             straight-line basis throughout the licencing period. In case the abovementioned conditions are not met, the nature of the Group's promise in granting a licence is a promise to provide a right to use the Group's intellectual property and therefore the revenue is recognised when transferring the licence to a customer at a point in time.

          2. Some contracts require a sales-based royalty in exchange for a licence of intellectual property. The Group recognises revenue when the performance obligation has been satisfied and the subsequent sale occurs.

       3. Incremental costs of obtaining a contract

          Given that the contractual period lasts less than one year, the Group recognises the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred although the Group expects to recover those costs.

   32. Government grants

       Government grants are recognized at their fair value only when there is reasonable assurance that the Group will comply with any conditions attached to the grants and the grants will be received. Government grants are recognized in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Group recognizes expenses for the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate. Government grants related to property, plant and equipment are recognized as non-current liabilities and are amortized to profit or loss over the estimated useful lives of the related assets using the straight-line method.

   33. Business combinations

       1. The Group uses the acquisition method to account for business combinations. The consideration transferred for an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets transferred, liabilities incurred or assumed and equity instruments issued at the acquisition date, plus the fair value of any assets and liabilities resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. All acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. For each business combination, the Group measures at the acquisition date components of non-controlling interests in the acquiree that are present ownership interests and entitle their holders to the proportionate share of the entity's net assets in the event of liquidation at either fair value or the present ownership instruments' proportionate share in the recognised amounts of the acquiree's identifiable net assets. All other non-controlling interests should be measured at the acquisition-date fair value.

       2. The excess of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquiree over the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill at the acquisition date. If the total of consideration transferred, non-controlling interest in the acquiree recognised and the fair value of previously held equity interest in the acquiree is less than the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed, the difference is recognised directly in profit or loss on the acquisition date.

   34. Operating segments

       Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision-Maker. The Chief Operating Decision-Maker is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments.

5. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS, ESTIMATES AND KEY SOURCES OF ASSUMPTION UNCERTAINTY

   The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make critical judgements in applying the Group's accounting policies and make critical assumptions and estimates concerning future events. Assumptions and estimates may differ from the actual results and are continually evaluated and adjusted based on historical experience and other factors. Such assumptions

   and estimates have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year; and the related information is addressed below:

   1. Critical judgements in applying the Group's accounting policies None.

   2. Critical accounting estimates and assumptions Evaluation of inventories

      As inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, the Group must determine the net realizable value of inventories at the end of the reporting period using judgements and estimates. Due to the rapid technology innovation, the Group evaluates the amounts of obsolete inventories or inventories without market selling value at the end of the reporting period, and writes down the cost of inventories to the net realizable value. Such an evaluation of inventories requires management to make critical judgement, so there might be material changes to the evaluation.

      As of December 31, 2025, the carrying amount of inventories was $4,289,645.

6. DETAILS OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTS

   1. Cash and cash equivalents

      	December 31, 2025	December 31, 2024
      Cash on hand and petty cash	$ 355	$ 1,199
      Checking accounts and demand deposits	1,482,167	1,975,519
      Time deposits	11,155,807	12,327,165
      Bonds sold under repurchase agreement	746,800	373,929
      	$ 13,385,129	$ 14,677,812

      The Group transacts with a variety of financial institutions all with high credit quality to disperse credit risk, so it expects that the probability of counterparty default is remote.

   2. Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

      Assets Items December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Current items:

      Financial assets mandatorily

      measured at fair value through profit or loss

      Valuation adjustment of derivatives $ 7,599 $ -

      Non-current items:

      Financial assets mandatorily

      measured at fair value through profit or loss

      7,599 -

      Unlisted stocks

      $ 157,080 $

      218,083

      Valuation adjustments

      ( 157,080) ( 218,083)

      - -

      $ 7,599 $ -

      Liabilities Items December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Current items:

      Financial liabilities held for trading

      Valuation adjustment of derivatives

      $ 52,519

      $ 75,337

      1. The Group entered into contracts relating to derivative financial assets/liabilities which were not accounted for under hedge accounting. The information is listed below:

         December 31, 2025

         Notional principal

         Financial instruments (in thousands) Currency Maturity date Forward foreign exchange contract - sell USD 71,700 USD to NTD 2026.01.05~2026.06.18 Forward foreign exchange contract - sell USD 21,500 USD to RMB 2026.01.28~2026.05.28 Foreign exchange swap USD 2,700 USD to NTD 2026.01.16~2026.01.20

         December 31, 2024

         Notional principal

         Financial instruments (in thousands) Currency Maturity date Forward foreign exchange contract - sell USD 82,700 USD to NTD 2025.01.02~2025.05.19 Forward foreign exchange contract - sell USD 7 USD to JPY 2025.01.23

         Forward foreign exchange contract - sell USD 21,000 USD to RMB 2025 02.28~2025.04.29

         Foreign exchange swap USD 9,000 USD to NTD 2025 01.03~2025.04.02

         The Group entered into forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge exchange rate risk of export and import proceeds. However, these forward foreign exchange contracts are not accounted for under hedge accounting.

      2. The net income (loss) recognized by the Group amounted to $19,269 and ($200,163) for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

      3. Information on credit risk of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss is provided in Notes 12(2) and (3).

   3. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

      Items December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Non-current items:

      Equity instruments

      Listed stocks	$ 277,725	$ 555,526
      Unlisted stocks	1,741,362	3,437,377
      	2,019,087	3,992,903
      Valuation adjustment	89,596	1,279,485
      	$ 2,108,683	$ 5,272,388

      1. The Group has elected to classify investments that are considered to be strategic investments as financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income. The fair value of such investments amounted to $2,108,683 and $5,272,388 as at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

      2. Aiming to satisfy the operating plan, the Group sold $2,005,371 and $468,499 of equity instruments at fair value and the cumulative gain (loss) on disposal which was transferred from other equity to retained earnings amounted to $387,479 and ($31,814) during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

      3. Amounts recognized in profit or loss and other comprehensive income in relation to the financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income are listed below:

         Equity instruments at fair value through other Year ended Year ended

         comprehensive income December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Fair value change recognized in other comprehensive

         income

         Dividend income recognized in profit or loss held at end of the period

         ($ 978,638)

         $ 20,645

         $ 1,399,239

         $ 15,600

      4. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, without taking into account any collateral held or other credit enhancements, the maximum exposure to credit risk in respect of the amount that best represents the financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income held by the Group was

         $2,108,683 and $5,272,388, respectively.

      5. Information relating to credit risk of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income is provided in Notes 12(2) and (3).

   4. Financial assets at amortised cost

      Items December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Current items:

      Time deposits with maturity over three months

      $ 1,680,505 $

      136,637

      Restricted bank deposits 124,010 507,380

      Non-current items: Restricted bank deposits

      $ 1,804,515

      $ 131,116

      $ 644,017

      $ 252,497

      1. Amounts recognized in profit or loss in relation to financial assets at amortised cost are listed below:

         Year ended Year ended

         December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024

         Interest income

         $ 5,055

         $ 5,913

      2. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, without taking into account any collateral held or other credit enhancements, the maximum exposure to credit risk in respect of the amount that best represents the financial assets at amortised cost held by the Group was $1,935,631 and $896,514, respectively.

      3. Details of the Group's financial assets at amortised cost pledged to others as collateral are provided in Note 8.

      4. Information relating to credit risk of financial assets at amortised cost is provided in Note 12(2). The counterparties of the Group's investments in certificates of deposit are financial institutions with high credit quality, so the Group expects that the probability of counterparty default is remote.

   5. Notes and accounts receivable

      	December 31, 2025	December 31, 2024
      Notes receivable	$ 952,619	$ 748,305
      Less: Allowance for uncollectible accounts	-	-
      	$ 952,619	$ 748,305
      Accounts receivable	$ 6,525,986	$ 7,696,593
      Less: Allowance for uncollectible accounts	( 21,807)	( 19,331)
      	$ 6,504,179	$ 7,677,262

      1. The ageing analysis of accounts receivable and notes receivable is as follows:

         December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024

         	Accounts receivable	Notes receivable	Accounts receivable	Notes receivable
         Not past due	$ 6,474,466	$ 952,619	$ 7,323,226	$ 748,305
         Up to 30 days	17,251	-	208,234	-
         31 to 90 days	6,230	-	138,802	-
         91 to 180 days	186	-	6,707	-
         Over 180 days	27,853	-	19,624	-
         	$ 6,525,986	$ 952,619	$ 7,696,593	$ 748,305

         The above ageing analysis was based on past due date.

      2. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Group had outstanding discounted notes receivable amounting to $904,580 and $728,506, respectively. The Group has payment obligations when the drawers of the notes refuse to pay for the notes at maturity. However, the credit rating of the aforesaid acceptance bank is extremely high, and the Group judges that the discounted notes receivable meets the requirements for delisting financial assets and will be deducted from notes receivable directly.

      3. Details of the Group's notes receivable pledged to others as collateral are provided in Note 8.

      4. The Group holds collateral including commercial papers and financial assets as security for accounts receivable.

      5. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, without taking into account any collateral held or other credit enhancements, the maximum exposure to credit risk in respect of the amount that best represents the notes receivable held by the Group was $952,619 and $748,305, respectively; the maximum exposure to credit risk in respect of the amount that best represents the accounts receivable held by the Group was $6,504,179 and $7,677,262, respectively.

      6. Information on credit risk of accounts receivable and notes receivable is provided in Note 12(2).

   6. Inventories

      December 31, 2025 Allowance for

      	Cost	valuation loss	Book value
      Raw materials	$ 2,093,349	($ 67,825)	$ 2,025,524
      Work in progress	1,152,613	( 326,690)	825,923
      Finished goods	1,653,357	( 215,159)	1,438,198
      	$ 4,899,319	($ 609,674)	$ 4,289,645

      December 31, 2024 Allowance for

      	Cost	valuation loss	Book value
      Raw materials	$ 1,894,529	($ 87,035)	$ 1,807,494
      Work in progress	1,247,000	( 156,154)	1,090,846
      Finished goods	1,978,387	( 147,043)	1,831,344
      	$ 5,119,916	($ 390,232)	$ 4,729,684

      The cost of inventories recognised as expense for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

      Year ended Year ended

      December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024

      Cost of goods sold	$ 17,970,990	$	18,430,367
      Scrap loss	268,225		284,523
      Loss on market price decline (recovery benefits in market value)	223,643	(	335,636)
      Loss on idle capacity	2,260,070		2,793,076
      Other	195,250	( 102,747)
      	$ 20,918,178	$ 21,069,583

      For the year ended December 31, 2024, the gain on reversal of decline in market value was caused by the increase in the utilization rate of the Group.

   7. Investments accounted for using equity method

      	December 31, 2025	December 31, 2024
      Associates:
      Tyntek Corporation	$ 1,095,978	$ 1,035,709
      GCS Holdings, Inc.	918,215	783,236
      LEADSTAR Micro-Crystal Display Corporation (Jiangsu) Ltd.	630,764	591,157
      Yenrich Technology Corporation	43,683	38,022
      TE OPTO CORPORTATION	41,030	45,979
      LEDAZ Co., Ltd.	35,816	25,941
      IReach Corporation	33,768	45,469
      BriBit Technologies, Inc.	12,260	-
      Changzhou Chemsemi Co., Ltd.	-	339,654
      LEDOLUX Sp. Zo.O.	-	50,639
      Chuzhou Bwin Technology Corp.	-	8,635
      Interlight Optotech (HK) Co., Limited.	-	7,834
      Domi-Star Optoelectronics Corporation	-	262
      	$ 2,811,514	$ 2,972,537

      1. The carrying amount of the Group's interests in all individually immaterial associates and the

         Group's share of the operating results are summarized below:

         As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the carrying amount of the Group's individually immaterial associates amounted to $2,811,514 and $2,972,537, respectively.

         Year ended Year ended

         Attributable to the Group: December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024

         Loss for the year from continuing operations ($

         192,326) ($

         440,498)

         Other comprehensive (loss) income

         ( 20,285)

         83,052

         Total comprehensive loss ($ 212,611) ($ 357,446)

      2. The fair value of the Group's material associates with quoted market prices is as follows:

         December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024

         GCS Holdings, Inc.

         $ 6,411,939 $

         3,340,296

         Tyntek Corporation 885,594 1,035,813

         $ 7,297,533 $ 4,376,109

      3. LEDOLUX Sp. Zo. O. had completed liquidation in May 2025.

      4. Interlight Optotech (HK) Co., Limited had completed the cancellation of business registration in June 2025.

      5. Domi-Star Optoelectronics Corporation had completed dissolution in May 2025.

      6. In October 2025, ENNOSTAR Corporation invested in the associate, BriBit Technologies, Inc. amounting to $13,000, and the number of shares held by ENNOSTAR Corporation were 824,243 shares.

      7. In December 2025, Changzhou Chemsemi Co., Ltd. had transferred the investments accounted for using equity method to financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income due to the increase in the number of seats in the Board of Directors.

   8. Property, plant and equipment

Construction in

(

(

( (

( (

( (

( (

( (

and impairment - ( 11,525,086) ( 36,559,958) ( 355,389) ( 197,140) ( 1,247,803) - ( 49,885,376)

$ 1,558,195 $ 5,975,546 $ 4,712,051 $ 54,389 $ 13,429 $ 460,762 $ 505,200 $ 13,279,572