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    <nameOfIssuer>ALIBABA GROUP HLDG LTD</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>SPONSORED ADS</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>01609W102</cusip>
    <value>170695016</value>
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      <Sole>1558143</Sole>
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      <None>29127</None>
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  <infoTable>
    <nameOfIssuer>ALIBABA GROUP HLDG LTD</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>SPONSORED ADS</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>01609W102</cusip>
    <value>182742722</value>
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    <investmentDiscretion>DFND</investmentDiscretion>
    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
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      <Sole>1578500</Sole>
      <Shared>0</Shared>
      <None>120800</None>
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  <infoTable>
    <nameOfIssuer>ARCELORMITTAL SA LUXEMBOURG</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>NY REGISTRY SH</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>03938L203</cusip>
    <value>14845646</value>
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    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
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      <Sole>206530</Sole>
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      <None>15910</None>
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  <infoTable>
    <nameOfIssuer>ASE TECHNOLOGY HLDG CO LTD</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>SPONSORED ADS</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>00215W100</cusip>
    <value>65119539</value>
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      <Sole>1439494</Sole>
      <Shared>0</Shared>
      <None>25183</None>
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  <infoTable>
    <nameOfIssuer>BP PLC</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>SPONSORED ADR</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>055622104</cusip>
    <value>59270894</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>1347372</sshPrnamt>
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      <Sole>1261672</Sole>
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      <None>85700</None>
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  <infoTable>
    <nameOfIssuer>COPA HOLDINGS SA</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>CL A</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>P31076105</cusip>
    <value>29860729</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>226475</sshPrnamt>
      <sshPrnamtType>SH</sshPrnamtType>
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    <investmentDiscretion>DFND</investmentDiscretion>
    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
    <votingAuthority>
      <Sole>220561</Sole>
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      <None>5914</None>
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  <infoTable>
    <nameOfIssuer>ELDORADO GOLD CORP NEW</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>COM</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>284902509</cusip>
    <value>198210721</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>5149668</sshPrnamt>
      <sshPrnamtType>SH</sshPrnamtType>
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    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
    <votingAuthority>
      <Sole>4988164</Sole>
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      <None>161504</None>
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  <infoTable>
    <nameOfIssuer>EMBRAER S.A.</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>SPONSORED ADS</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>29082A107</cusip>
    <value>30359308</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>403071</sshPrnamt>
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    <investmentDiscretion>DFND</investmentDiscretion>
    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
    <votingAuthority>
      <Sole>392548</Sole>
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      <None>10523</None>
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    <nameOfIssuer>GDS HLDGS LTD</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>SPONSORED ADS</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>36165L108</cusip>
    <value>107250066</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>3434200</sshPrnamt>
      <sshPrnamtType>SH</sshPrnamtType>
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    <investmentDiscretion>DFND</investmentDiscretion>
    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
    <votingAuthority>
      <Sole>3287455</Sole>
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      <None>146745</None>
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    <nameOfIssuer>HALLIBURTON CO</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>COM</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>406216101</cusip>
    <value>14057794</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>442069</sshPrnamt>
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    <votingAuthority>
      <Sole>413443</Sole>
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      <None>28626</None>
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    <nameOfIssuer>ICICI BK LTD</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>ADR</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>45104G104</cusip>
    <value>63967601</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
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      <Sole>2302033</Sole>
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      <None>19840</None>
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    <nameOfIssuer>INTEL CORP</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>COM</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>458140100</cusip>
    <value>23700098</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>197123</sshPrnamt>
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    <investmentDiscretion>DFND</investmentDiscretion>
    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
    <votingAuthority>
      <Sole>182103</Sole>
      <Shared>0</Shared>
      <None>15020</None>
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    <nameOfIssuer>INVESCO QQQ TR</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>UNIT SER 1</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>46090E103</cusip>
    <value>724012899</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>978700</sshPrnamt>
      <sshPrnamtType>SH</sshPrnamtType>
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    <putCall>Put</putCall>
    <investmentDiscretion>DFND</investmentDiscretion>
    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
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      <Sole>978700</Sole>
      <Shared>0</Shared>
      <None>0</None>
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    <nameOfIssuer>ISHARES INC</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>MSCI STH KOR ETF</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>464286772</cusip>
    <value>54048046</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>295700</sshPrnamt>
      <sshPrnamtType>SH</sshPrnamtType>
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    <investmentDiscretion>DFND</investmentDiscretion>
    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
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      <Sole>295700</Sole>
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      <None>0</None>
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    <nameOfIssuer>ISHARES SILVER TR</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>ISHARES</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>46428Q109</cusip>
    <value>119365998</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>2189800</sshPrnamt>
      <sshPrnamtType>SH</sshPrnamtType>
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    <investmentDiscretion>DFND</investmentDiscretion>
    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
    <votingAuthority>
      <Sole>2189800</Sole>
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      <None>0</None>
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  <infoTable>
    <nameOfIssuer>ISHARES TR</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>20 YR TR BD ETF</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>464287432</cusip>
    <value>29306337</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>376785</sshPrnamt>
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      <Sole>376785</Sole>
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      <None>0</None>
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  <infoTable>
    <nameOfIssuer>ISHARES TR</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>MSCI EMG MKT ETF</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>464287234</cusip>
    <value>162099330</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>2427000</sshPrnamt>
      <sshPrnamtType>SH</sshPrnamtType>
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    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
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      <Sole>2427000</Sole>
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      <None>0</None>
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  <infoTable>
    <nameOfIssuer>ITAU UNIBANCO HLDG S A</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>SPON ADR REP PFD</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>465562106</cusip>
    <value>185230682</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>21715203</sshPrnamt>
      <sshPrnamtType>SH</sshPrnamtType>
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    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
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      <Sole>21002350</Sole>
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      <None>712853</None>
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  <infoTable>
    <nameOfIssuer>KRANESHARES TRUST</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>CSI CHI INTERNET</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>500767306</cusip>
    <value>27328650</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>1115000</sshPrnamt>
      <sshPrnamtType>SH</sshPrnamtType>
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    <putCall>Call</putCall>
    <investmentDiscretion>DFND</investmentDiscretion>
    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
    <votingAuthority>
      <Sole>1115000</Sole>
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      <None>0</None>
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  <infoTable>
    <nameOfIssuer>MAKEMYTRIP LIMITED MAURITIUS</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>SHS</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>V5633W109</cusip>
    <value>16023645</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>339484</sshPrnamt>
      <sshPrnamtType>SH</sshPrnamtType>
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    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
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      <Sole>309321</Sole>
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      <None>30163</None>
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  <infoTable>
    <nameOfIssuer>MICRON TECHNOLOGY INC</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>COM</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>595112103</cusip>
    <value>45799730</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>43000</sshPrnamt>
      <sshPrnamtType>SH</sshPrnamtType>
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    <putCall>Put</putCall>
    <investmentDiscretion>DFND</investmentDiscretion>
    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
    <votingAuthority>
      <Sole>41100</Sole>
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      <None>1900</None>
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  <infoTable>
    <nameOfIssuer>NXP SEMICONDUCTORS N V</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>COM</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>N6596X109</cusip>
    <value>16979357</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>71483</sshPrnamt>
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    <investmentDiscretion>DFND</investmentDiscretion>
    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
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      <Sole>64690</Sole>
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      <None>6793</None>
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    <nameOfIssuer>PETROLEO BRASILEIRO S A</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>SPONSORED ADR</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>71654V408</cusip>
    <value>84687204</value>
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      <sshPrnamt>4057844</sshPrnamt>
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    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
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      <Sole>3871433</Sole>
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      <None>186411</None>
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    <nameOfIssuer>SEA LTD</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>SPONSORD ADS</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>81141R100</cusip>
    <value>120235511</value>
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      <sshPrnamt>1234958</sshPrnamt>
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    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
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      <Sole>1168464</Sole>
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      <None>66494</None>
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    <nameOfIssuer>SHELL PLC</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>SPON ADS</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>780259305</cusip>
    <value>53964447</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>567748</sshPrnamt>
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    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
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      <Sole>532200</Sole>
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      <None>35548</None>
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    <nameOfIssuer>SPDR GOLD TR</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>GOLD SHS</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>78463V107</cusip>
    <value>225304944</value>
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      <sshPrnamt>591600</sshPrnamt>
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    <investmentDiscretion>DFND</investmentDiscretion>
    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
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      <Sole>591600</Sole>
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      <None>0</None>
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    <nameOfIssuer>TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFAC</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>SPONSORED ADS</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>874039100</cusip>
    <value>231338511</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>507110</sshPrnamt>
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    <investmentDiscretion>DFND</investmentDiscretion>
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      <Sole>495905</Sole>
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      <None>11205</None>
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  <infoTable>
    <nameOfIssuer>TENARIS S A</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>SPONSORED ADS</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>88031M109</cusip>
    <value>16106269</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>291886</sshPrnamt>
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    <investmentDiscretion>DFND</investmentDiscretion>
    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
    <votingAuthority>
      <Sole>270786</Sole>
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      <None>21100</None>
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    <nameOfIssuer>VANECK ETF TRUST</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>GOLD MINERS ETF</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>92189F106</cusip>
    <value>22197508</value>
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      <sshPrnamt>252819</sshPrnamt>
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    <investmentDiscretion>DFND</investmentDiscretion>
    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
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      <Sole>252819</Sole>
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      <None>0</None>
    </votingAuthority>
  </infoTable>
  <infoTable>
    <nameOfIssuer>VNET GROUP INC</nameOfIssuer>
    <titleOfClass>SPONSORED ADS A</titleOfClass>
    <cusip>90138A103</cusip>
    <value>8142932</value>
    <shrsOrPrnAmt>
      <sshPrnamt>1467195</sshPrnamt>
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    <investmentDiscretion>DFND</investmentDiscretion>
    <otherManager>1</otherManager>
    <votingAuthority>
      <Sole>1395437</Sole>
      <Shared>0</Shared>
      <None>71758</None>
    </votingAuthority>
  </infoTable>
</informationTable>
